Salfi Federico, Lauriola Marco, Tempesta Daniela, Calanna Pierpaolo, Socci Valentina, De Gennaro Luigi, Ferrara Michele
Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2020 May 27;12:309-324. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S250586. eCollection 2020.
To evaluate the effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on reflection impulsivity and risk-taking in tasks requiring deliberative decision-making processes.
Seventy-four healthy young adults were selected to participate in two independent experiments, each consisting of a crossover design. In Experiment 1, 32 participants were tested after one night of regular sleep (RS), and after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). In Experiment 2, 42 participants were tested following five nights of RS and after five nights of partial sleep deprivation (PSD), implying five hours of sleep per night. In both the experiments, two deliberative decision-making tasks were administered, involving different decision-making constructs. The Mosaic Task (MT) assessed reflection impulsivity, the tendency to gather information before making a decision. The Columbia Card Task cold version (CCTc) evaluated risk-taking propensity in a dynamic environment.
Unlike TSD, PSD led to an increment of reflection impulsivity and risk-taking. Nevertheless, analyses taking into account the individuals' baseline (RS) performance showed consistent results between the two experimental sleep manipulations. Participants who gathered more information to make decisions in the MT when well-rested, then relied on less evidence under sleep loss, and more cautious participants in the CCTc tended to make riskier decisions.
Results pointed to differential consequences of sleep deprivation depending on the habitual way to respond during decision-making involving deliberative reasoning processes. Results were interpreted according to a putative interaction between sleep loss effect and individual difference factors.
评估完全和部分睡眠剥夺对需要深思熟虑决策过程的任务中反射冲动性和冒险行为的影响。
74名健康的年轻成年人被选入两个独立实验，每个实验采用交叉设计。在实验1中，32名参与者在经过一晚正常睡眠（RS）后以及经过一晚完全睡眠剥夺（TSD）后接受测试。在实验2中，42名参与者在经过五晚RS以及经过五晚部分睡眠剥夺（PSD，即每晚睡眠5小时）后接受测试。在两个实验中，均进行了两项深思熟虑的决策任务，涉及不同的决策结构。镶嵌任务（MT）评估反射冲动性，即决策前收集信息的倾向。哥伦比亚卡片任务冷版本（CCTc）评估动态环境中的冒险倾向。
与TSD不同，PSD导致反射冲动性和冒险行为增加。然而，考虑个体基线（RS）表现的分析显示，两种实验性睡眠操纵之间的结果一致。在MT中休息良好时收集更多信息以做决策的参与者，在睡眠不足时则依赖更少的证据，并且在CCTc中更谨慎的参与者倾向于做出更冒险的决策。
结果表明，根据在涉及深思熟虑推理过程的决策中习惯性的反应方式，睡眠剥夺会产生不同的后果。结果根据睡眠缺失效应与个体差异因素之间的假定相互作用进行解释。
