Fournier A M, Dickinson G M, Erdfrocht I R, Cleary T, Fischl M A
Division of General Medicine and Infectious Disease, University of Miami School of Medicine.
Chest. 1988 Apr;93(4):772-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.93.4.772.
Thirty-six patients with AIDS and culture-proven nontuberculous mycobacteriosis were compared to 20 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis with regard to clinical signs, symptoms, and diagnostic methods. Patients with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis were more often younger and homosexuals, while patients with tuberculosis were usually Haitian-American or users of intravenous drugs. A majority of patients with tuberculosis presented with fever and weight loss. These symptoms were seen in approximately 50 percent of the patients with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis. A distinct syndrome of dyspnea, chills, hemoptysis, and chest pain was seen in a significant minority of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis. Lymphadenopathy was seen almost exclusively in patients with tuberculosis. Pulmonary sources (expectorated sputum or bronchoscopy specimens) were the most common source of diagnosis in both groups. Patients in both groups in whom the diagnosis was obtained from pulmonary sources frequently had negative chest x-ray films on presentation. Cavitary disease was absent from both groups.
对36例经培养证实患有非结核分枝杆菌病的艾滋病患者与20例患有获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）和结核病的患者，在临床体征、症状及诊断方法方面进行了比较。患有非结核分枝杆菌病的患者往往更年轻且为同性恋者，而患有结核病的患者通常是海地裔美国人或静脉注射毒品使用者。大多数结核病患者表现出发热和体重减轻。这些症状在约50%的非结核分枝杆菌病患者中也可见到。少数非结核分枝杆菌病患者出现了明显的呼吸困难、寒战、咯血和胸痛综合征。几乎仅在结核病患者中可见淋巴结病。肺部来源（咳出的痰液或支气管镜检查标本）是两组中最常见的诊断来源。两组中通过肺部来源获得诊断的患者在就诊时胸部X光片常常为阴性。两组均未出现空洞性病变。
