Yeung Christy, Shi Irisa Qianwen, Sung Hoon-Ki
Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Metabolites. 2021 Jan 20;11(2):62. doi: 10.3390/metabo11020062.
Dieting regimens such as calorie restriction (CR) are among the most commonly practiced interventions for weight management and metabolic abnormalities. Due to its independence from pharmacological agents and considerable flexibility in regimens, many individuals turn to dieting as a form of mitigation and maintenance of metabolic health. While metabolic benefits of CR have been widely studied, weight loss maintenance and metabolic benefits are reported to be lost overtime when the diet regimen has been terminated-referred to as post-dietary effects. Specifically, due to the challenges of long-term adherence and compliance to dieting, post-dietary repercussions such as body weight regain and loss of metabolic benefits pose as major factors in the efficacy of CR. Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens, which are defined by periodic energy restriction, have been deemed as more flexible, compliant, and easily adapted diet interventions that result in many metabolic benefits which resemble conventional CR diets. Many individuals find that IF regimens are easier to adhere to, resulting in fewer post-dietary effects; therefore, IF may be a more effective intervention. Unfortunately, there is a severe gap in current research regarding IF post-dietary effects. We recognize the importance of understanding the sustainability of dieting; as such, we will review the known physiological responses of CR post-dietary effects and its potential mechanisms through synthesizing lessons from both pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review aims to provide insight from a translational medicine perspective to allow for the development of more practical and effective diet interventions. We suggest more flexible and easily practiced dieting regimens such as IF due to its more adaptable and practical nature.
诸如热量限制（CR）之类的节食方案是体重管理和代谢异常最常用的干预措施之一。由于其不依赖药物且方案具有相当大的灵活性，许多人将节食作为减轻和维持代谢健康的一种方式。虽然CR的代谢益处已得到广泛研究，但据报道，当节食方案终止时，体重减轻维持效果和代谢益处会随着时间的推移而消失——这被称为节食后效应。具体而言，由于长期坚持和遵守节食存在挑战，节食后的影响，如体重反弹和代谢益处丧失，是CR疗效的主要因素。间歇性禁食（IF）方案，其定义为周期性能量限制，被认为是更灵活、更易遵守且易于适应的饮食干预措施，能带来许多类似于传统CR饮食的代谢益处。许多人发现IF方案更容易坚持，产生的节食后效应更少；因此，IF可能是一种更有效的干预措施。不幸的是，目前关于IF节食后效应的研究存在严重空白。我们认识到理解节食可持续性的重要性；因此，我们将通过综合临床前和临床研究的经验教训，回顾CR节食后效应已知的生理反应及其潜在机制。本综述旨在从转化医学的角度提供见解，以促进更实用、有效的饮食干预措施的开发。由于其更具适应性和实用性，我们建议采用更灵活、易于实施的节食方案，如IF。
