López-González Ángel, García-Quintanilla Marta, Guerrero-Agenjo Carmen María, Tendero Jaime López, Guisado-Requena Isabel María, Rabanales-Sotos Joseba
Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Univesitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Group of Preventive Activities in the University Health Sciences Setting, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 23;18(3):994. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030994.
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common side effect of cancer therapies. It causes ulcerative, painful lesions in the oral cavity that can provoke malnutrition, increased risk of infection, longer hospital stays, and seriously affect the quality of life. Cooling the mucosa with oral cryotherapy (OC) during and/or after chemotherapy is the most accessible and tolerable intervention available. The aim of this study is to define the efficacy of OC for preventing OM induced by chemotherapy/radiotherapy in adult patients with cancer. Secondary endpoints include associated problems as pain. A systematic search was performed using the Pubmed, WOS (Web of Science), Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and BVS databases for articles published up to 2010. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a total of eight articles were analyzed in this review. In seven of the eight articles, the incidence of OM of all grades was significantly lower in the OC group compared with the no-OC group. Use of opioids and level of pain were also significantly reduced. OC is an effective intervention to reduce the incidence of OM induced by chemotherapy as well as the associated severity and pain. Based on these results, OC with only water or with chamomile, associated or not with other mouthwash therapies, is an effective intervention to reduce the incidence of OM induced by chemotherapy as well as the associated severity and pain.
口腔黏膜炎（OM）是癌症治疗常见的副作用。它会在口腔内引发溃疡性疼痛病变，可导致营养不良、感染风险增加、住院时间延长，并严重影响生活质量。在化疗期间和/或化疗后，通过口腔冷冻疗法（OC）冷却黏膜是最容易实施且患者耐受性良好的干预措施。本研究的目的是确定OC对预防成年癌症患者化疗/放疗所致OM的疗效。次要终点包括疼痛等相关问题。使用Pubmed、WOS（科学引文索引）、Cochrane图书馆、CINAHL和BVS数据库对截至2010年发表的文章进行了系统检索。在应用纳入和排除标准后，本综述共分析了8篇文章。在这8篇文章中的7篇中，与未使用OC的组相比，OC组所有分级的OM发生率显著更低。阿片类药物的使用和疼痛程度也显著降低。OC是一种有效的干预措施，可降低化疗所致OM的发生率以及相关严重程度和疼痛。基于这些结果，仅用水或与洋甘菊联合使用的OC，无论是否与其他漱口疗法联合，都是降低化疗所致OM发生率以及相关严重程度和疼痛的有效干预措施。
