Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 22;18(3):980. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030980.
Nitric oxide (NO) is formed during the oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the action of multiple isoenzymes of NO synthase (NOS): neuronal NOS (nNOS), endotelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). NO plays a relevant role in the vascular endothelium, in central and peripheral neurons, and in immunity and inflammatory systems. In addition, several authors showed a consistent contribution of NO to different aspects of the reproductive physiology. The aim of the present review is to analyse the published data on the role of NO within the ovary. It has been demonstrated that the multiple isoenzymes of NOS are expressed and localized in the ovary of different species. More to the point, a consistent role was ascribed to NO in the processes of steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and oocyte meiotic maturation in in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models. Unfortunately, there are few nitric oxide data for humans; there are preliminary data on the implication of nitric oxide for oocyte/embryo quality and in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) parameters. NO plays a remarkable role in the ovary, but more investigation is needed, in particular in the context of human ovarian physiology.
一氧化氮（NO）是在 L-精氨酸被多种一氧化氮合酶（NOS）同工酶氧化为 L-瓜氨酸的过程中形成的：神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）、内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）。NO 在血管内皮、中枢和外周神经元以及免疫和炎症系统中发挥着重要作用。此外，一些作者表明 NO 对生殖生理的不同方面都有一致的贡献。本综述旨在分析已发表的关于卵巢中 NO 作用的研究数据。已经证明，NOS 的多种同工酶在不同物种的卵巢中表达和定位。更重要的是，在使用动物模型进行的体外和体内研究中，NO 在类固醇生成、卵泡发生和卵母细胞减数分裂成熟过程中发挥了一致的作用。不幸的是，关于人类的一氧化氮数据很少；关于一氧化氮对卵母细胞/胚胎质量以及体外受精/胚胎移植（IVF/ET）参数的影响，有一些初步数据。NO 在卵巢中发挥着显著的作用，但需要进一步研究，特别是在人类卵巢生理学方面。
