Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Immunology. 2021 Jun;163(2):145-154. doi: 10.1111/imm.13310. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
Interleukin 36 (IL-36) constitutes a group of cytokines that belong to the IL-1 superfamily. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Intriguingly, in the gastrointestinal tract, IL-36 has a rather complex function. IL-36 receptor ligands are overexpressed in both animal colitis models and human IBD patients and may play both pathogenic and protective roles, depending on the context. IL-36 cytokines comprise three receptor agonists: IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ, and two receptor antagonists: IL-36Ra and IL-38. All IL-36 receptor agonists bind to the IL-36R complex and exert pleiotropic effects during inflammatory settings. Here, we first briefly review the processing and secretion of IL-36 cytokines. We then focus on the current understanding of the immunology effects of IL-36 in gut immunity. In addition, we also discuss the ongoing trials that aim to blockage IL-36R signalling for treating chronic intestinal inflammation and present some unexplored questions regarding IL-36 research.
白细胞介素 36（IL-36）属于白细胞介素 1 超家族的一组细胞因子。新出现的证据表明，IL-36 在许多炎症性疾病的发病机制中起作用。有趣的是，在胃肠道中，IL-36 具有相当复杂的功能。IL-36 受体配体在动物结肠炎模型和人类 IBD 患者中过度表达，可能根据具体情况发挥致病和保护作用。IL-36 细胞因子包括三种受体激动剂：IL-36α、IL-36β 和 IL-36γ，以及两种受体拮抗剂：IL-36Ra 和 IL-38。所有 IL-36 受体激动剂都与 IL-36R 复合物结合，并在炎症环境中发挥多种作用。在这里，我们首先简要回顾 IL-36 细胞因子的加工和分泌。然后，我们重点介绍目前对 IL-36 在肠道免疫中免疫作用的理解。此外，我们还讨论了旨在阻断 IL-36R 信号传导以治疗慢性肠道炎症的正在进行的试验，并提出了一些关于 IL-36 研究的未解决问题。
