Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
CITACA - Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
Mycorrhiza. 2021 Mar;31(2):189-201. doi: 10.1007/s00572-020-01015-0. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community of the European chestnut has been poorly investigated, and mostly by sporocarp sampling. We proposed the study of the ECM fungal community of 2-year-old chestnut hybrids Castanea × coudercii (Castanea sativa × Castanea crenata) using molecular approaches. By using the chestnut hybrid clones 111 and 125, we assessed the impact of grafting on ECM colonization rate, species diversity, and fungal community composition. The clone type did not have an impact on the studied variables; however, grafting significantly influenced ECM colonization rate in clone 111. Species diversity and richness did not vary between the experimental groups. Grafted and ungrafted plants of clone 111 had a different ECM fungal species composition. Sequence data from ITS regions of rDNA revealed the presence of 9 orders, 15 families, 19 genera, and 27 species of ECM fungi, most of them generalist, early-stage species. Thirteen new taxa were described in association with chestnuts. The basidiomycetes Agaricales (13 taxa) and Boletales (11 taxa) represented 36% and 31%, of the total sampled ECM fungal taxa, respectively. Scleroderma citrinum, S. areolatum, and S. polyrhizum (Boletales) were found in 86% of the trees and represented 39% of total ECM root tips. The ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum (Mytilinidiales) was found in 80% of the trees but accounted only for 6% of the colonized root tips. These results could help to unveil the impact of grafting on fungal symbionts, improving management of chestnut agro-ecosystems and production of edible fungal species.
外生菌根（ECM）真菌群落的欧洲栗研究甚少，主要通过子实体采样进行研究。我们提出了使用分子方法研究 2 年生栗杂交种 Castanea × coudercii（Castanea sativa × Castanea crenata）的 ECM 真菌群落。通过使用栗杂交无性系 111 和 125，我们评估了嫁接对 ECM 定植率、物种多样性和真菌群落组成的影响。无性系类型对研究变量没有影响；然而，嫁接显著影响无性系 111 的 ECM 定植率。实验组之间物种多样性和丰富度没有差异。嫁接和未嫁接的无性系 111 的 ECM 真菌物种组成不同。rDNA ITS 区序列数据显示存在 9 个目、15 个科、19 个属和 27 种 ECM 真菌，其中大多数为广生种和早期种。与栗属植物相关的有 13 个新分类单元。担子菌门的伞菌目（Agaricales）（13 个分类单元）和牛肝菌目（Boletales）（11 个分类单元）分别占总采样 ECM 真菌分类单元的 36%和 31%。在 86%的树木中发现了 Scleroderma citrinum、S. areolatum 和 S. polyrhizum（Boletales），它们代表了总 ECM 根尖的 39%。子囊菌门的 Cenococcum geophilum（Mytilinidiales）在 80%的树木中被发现，但仅占定植根的 6%。这些结果可以帮助揭示嫁接对真菌共生体的影响，改善栗属农业生态系统的管理和可食用真菌物种的生产。
