El Amrani Belkacem
Lumbricidae, Improving Soil Productivity and Environment Unit (LAPSE), Higher Normal School (ENS), Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat P.O. Box 554, Morocco.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Dec 13;13(12):1044. doi: 10.3390/biology13121044.
Ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations are essential symbiotic relationships that contribute significantly to the health and functioning of forest ecosystems. This review examines the biotic factors that influence EM associations, focusing on plant and fungal diversity, host specificity, and microbial interactions. Firstly, the diversity of host plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) is discussed, highlighting how the richness of these organisms affects the formation and success of EM symbioses. Next, host specificity is explored, with a focus on the complex relationships between EMF and their host plants. Microbial interactions are examined in depth, with sections on both positive and negative influences of bacteria and different fungal groups on EM formation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the biotic factors that shape EM associations, offering insights into the mechanisms that underpin these critical ecological interactions and their broader implications for ecosystem management and restoration.
外生菌根（EM）共生关系是至关重要的共生关系，对森林生态系统的健康和功能有着重大贡献。本综述探讨了影响外生菌根共生关系的生物因素，重点关注植物和真菌多样性、宿主特异性以及微生物相互作用。首先，讨论了宿主植物和外生菌根真菌（EMF）的多样性，强调了这些生物的丰富程度如何影响外生菌根共生体的形成和成功。接下来，探讨宿主特异性，重点关注外生菌根真菌与其宿主植物之间的复杂关系。深入研究微生物相互作用，包括细菌和不同真菌类群对菌根形成的正面和负面影响。总体而言，本综述全面概述了塑造外生菌根共生关系的生物因素，深入了解了支撑这些关键生态相互作用的机制及其对生态系统管理和恢复的更广泛影响。
