Rudawska Maria, Pietras Marcin, Smutek Iwona, Strzeliński Paweł, Leski Tomasz
Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
Department of Forest Management, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
Mycorrhiza. 2016 Jan;26(1):57-65. doi: 10.1007/s00572-015-0646-3. Epub 2015 Jun 14.
Abies alba (Mill.) is an important forest tree species, native to the mountainous regions of Europe but has been also widely introduced in the lowlands outside its native range. Like most forest tree species, A. alba forms obligate mutualisms with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. This investigation sought to examine ECM fungal communities of A. alba when the species grows 400 km north of its native range in the region of Pomerania in Poland. We surveyed for ECM fungi by sampling live roots from four mature forest stands where the A. alba component ranged from 20 to 100%. Ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts were identified based on morphotyping and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Thirty-five ECM fungal taxa were distinguished on root tips of A. alba from all tested stands with 22 to 27 ECM fungal taxa in the individual stand. The diversity and similarity metrics revealed a lack of statistical differences in the structure of the ECM fungal community between stands varying in overstory tree composition. Cenococcum geophilum was the most common fungal species at all investigated A. alba stands, with an abundance of 50 to 70%. The ECM community was characterized by the lack of Abies-specific fungal symbionts and a rich and diverse suite of host-generalist mycobionts that seem to be sufficient for successful growth and development of A. alba outside of its native range.
欧洲冷杉（Abies alba (Mill.)）是一种重要的林木树种，原产于欧洲山区，但也已被广泛引入其原生范围以外的低地地区。与大多数林木树种一样，欧洲冷杉与外生菌根（ECM）真菌形成专性共生关系。本研究旨在调查欧洲冷杉在波兰波美拉尼亚地区其原生范围以北400公里处生长时的ECM真菌群落。我们通过从四个成熟林分中采集活根来调查ECM真菌，其中欧洲冷杉的占比范围为20%至100%。基于核核糖体DNA（rDNA）的内部转录间隔区（ITS）的形态分型和测序来鉴定外生菌根真菌共生体。在所有测试林分的欧洲冷杉根尖上共区分出35种ECM真菌分类单元，每个林分中有22至27种ECM真菌分类单元。多样性和相似性指标显示，在林冠层树木组成不同的林分之间，ECM真菌群落结构没有统计学差异。土生空团菌（Cenococcum geophilum）是所有调查的欧洲冷杉林分中最常见的真菌物种，丰度为50%至70%。该ECM群落的特点是缺乏欧洲冷杉特有的真菌共生体，以及丰富多样的宿主广谱型真菌共生体，这些共生体似乎足以支持欧洲冷杉在其原生范围以外成功生长和发育。
