Unidad de Cirugía Cardiovascular de Guatemala and Fundación Aldo Castañeda, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021 Jun;1494(1):59-69. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14558. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
A cluster of factors affects nutritional status among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We investigated the association between school attendance and diet quality among 498 rural adolescent girls (352 attending and 146 not attending school) in Tecpán, Guatemala. In a cross-sectional study, we collected sociodemographic and anthropometric data and characterized the dietary intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. We then calculated diet quality using the Healthy Eating Score (HES). Multiple linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the effects of school attendance on diet quality. We found that the overall diet quality among the study participants was poor, according to the HES. However, those who attended school had significantly higher intakes of vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (P = 0.04), other fruits (P = 0.01), and milk and milk products (P = 0.004), but a higher intake of fast foods, chips, and saturated fatty acids (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the effects of school attendance on diet quality were significant after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors (β coefficient = -1.70, 95% CI: -3.30 to -0.11) but was attenuated when further adjusted for weight status (β coefficient = -1.58, 95% CI: -3.17 to 0.02). Our findings suggest that diet quality among girls in rural Guatemala is poor, particularly among those who do not attend school. To advance our understanding of adolescent diet in LMICs, future studies should include adolescents who are out of school.
一群因素影响中低收入国家（LMICs）青少年女孩的营养状况。我们调查了在危地马拉 Tecpán 的 498 名农村青少年女孩（352 名上学和 146 名不上学）的上学与饮食质量之间的关系。在一项横断面研究中，我们收集了社会人口统计学和人体测量数据，并使用食物频率问卷来描述饮食摄入情况。然后，我们使用健康饮食评分（HES）来计算饮食质量。进行了多线性回归模型来评估上学对饮食质量的影响。我们发现，根据 HES，研究参与者的整体饮食质量较差。然而，那些上学的人在摄入富含维生素 A 的水果和蔬菜（P=0.04）、其他水果（P=0.01）和牛奶及奶制品（P=0.004）方面显著更高，但在摄入快餐、薯片和饱和脂肪酸方面更高（P<0.001）。此外，在调整社会人口统计学和生活方式因素后，上学对饮食质量的影响仍然显著（β系数=-1.70，95%CI：-3.30 至-0.11），但进一步调整体重状况后，影响减弱（β系数=-1.58，95%CI：-3.17 至 0.02）。我们的研究结果表明，危地马拉农村女孩的饮食质量较差，尤其是那些不上学的女孩。为了深入了解 LMICs 中青少年的饮食，未来的研究应该包括辍学者。
