Northwest Public Health Research Center, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Hygiene of Educational, Training, Labor Conditions and Radiation Hygiene, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 25;18(3):1061. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031061.
Working in the Arctic increases the risk of occupational diseases, which is especially important in the context of acute shortage of manpower in the region. The purpose of the study was to comparatively evaluate the working conditions and occupational pathology in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (ChAO) of Russia. We analyzed the results of socio-hygienic monitoring "Working Conditions and Occupational Morbidity" in 2008-2018. Despite similar climatic and socio-economic conditions, significant differences exist in the health risks of the working populations of the two regions. In NAO two-thirds of workers were employed at facilities with satisfactory sanitary and epidemiological well-being, while in ChAO only 13% of workers had such conditions. In NAO, almost all occupational diseases (93.2%) were due to exposure to noise among civil aviation workers. In ChAO, health problems mainly occurred among miners (81.5%). The most common of these were noise effects on the inner ear (35.2%), chronic bronchitis (23.1%), and mono- and polyneuropathies (12.5%). In 2008-2018, the occupational pathology risk in ChAO was higher than in NAO: RR = 2.79; CI 2.09-3.71. Thus, specificity of technological processes and forms of labor organization create significant differences in health risks for workers. It is necessary to use modern mining equipment to decrease the occupational morbidity in ChAO. In NAO, this effect can be achieved by updating the fleet of civil aviation.
在北极地区工作会增加患职业病的风险，这在该地区人力严重短缺的情况下尤为重要。本研究的目的是比较评估俄罗斯涅涅茨自治区（NAO）和楚科奇自治区（ChAO）的工作条件和职业病理学。我们分析了 2008-2018 年社会卫生监测“工作条件和职业发病率”的结果。尽管气候和社会经济条件相似，但这两个地区的工作人群的健康风险存在显著差异。在 NAO，三分之二的工人在卫生和流行病学状况良好的设施中工作，而在 ChAO，只有 13%的工人有这种条件。在 NAO，几乎所有的职业病（93.2%）都是由于民用航空工人暴露于噪声中。在 ChAO，健康问题主要发生在矿工中（81.5%）。其中最常见的是噪声对内耳的影响（35.2%）、慢性支气管炎（23.1%）和单神经病和多神经病（12.5%）。2008-2018 年，ChAO 的职业病理学风险高于 NAO：RR=2.79；95%CI 2.09-3.71。因此，技术工艺和劳动组织形式的特殊性导致了工人健康风险的显著差异。有必要使用现代采矿设备来降低 ChAO 的职业发病率。在 NAO，可以通过更新民用航空机队来实现这一效果。
