Gao Xiang, Du Lei, Randell Edward, Zhang Huijun, Li Kelei, Li Duo
College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China and Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
Food Funct. 2021 Mar 1;12(4):1516-1528. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02632h.
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in natural products and exhibits various bioactivities in vivo. However, the beneficial effects of PC on IR and the potential mechanisms are rarely reported. PCs from different biological sources vary greatly in their fatty acid compositions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of EPA/DHA-PC derived from Sthenototeuthis oualaniensis on high fat diet (HFD)-induced IR in comparison with terrestrial soybean PC (Soy-PC) and egg yolk PC (Egg-PC) in C57BL/6J mice. The results indicated that EPA/DHA-PC, but not Soy-PC or Egg-PC, reversed HFD-induced obesity, IR and hyperglycemia. This improvement was accompanied by enhanced IRS/PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway in peripheral tissue, ameliorated JNK and NF-κB inflammatory pathway in white adipose tissue, and changes in the gut microbial composition. Microbiological analysis showed that EPA/DHA-PC treatment prevented the loss of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Bacteroides and inhibited the increase of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Ileibacterium. The gut microbiota-derived metabolites LPS and TMAO were also reduced by EPA/DHA-PC. In summary, the improvement effect of PCs on IR is largely related to their fatty acid composition. EPA/DHA-PC prevented IR probably by modulating the gut microbiota composition, ameliorating the chronic inflammation in the adipose tissue and promoting transduction of insulin signaling pathways.
磷脂酰胆碱（PC）是天然产物中含量最丰富的磷脂，在体内具有多种生物活性。然而，PC对胰岛素抵抗（IR）的有益作用及其潜在机制鲜有报道。不同生物来源的PC在脂肪酸组成上差异很大。本研究旨在比较来自夏威夷乌贼的二十碳五烯酸/二十二碳六烯酸-PC（EPA/DHA-PC）与陆地大豆PC（Soy-PC）和蛋黄PC（Egg-PC）对C57BL/6J小鼠高脂饮食（HFD）诱导的IR的影响。结果表明，EPA/DHA-PC可逆转HFD诱导的肥胖、IR和高血糖，而Soy-PC或Egg-PC则无此作用。这种改善伴随着外周组织中胰岛素受体底物/磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B（IRS/PI3K/AKT）胰岛素信号通路的增强、白色脂肪组织中c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）和核因子κB（NF-κB）炎症通路的改善以及肠道微生物组成的变化。微生物学分析表明，EPA/DHA-PC处理可防止拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、阿克曼氏菌、科里杆菌科_UCG-002、乳杆菌属、严格梭菌属1、拟杆菌属的减少，并抑制厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和艾氏菌属的增加。EPA/DHA-PC还可降低肠道微生物衍生的代谢产物脂多糖（LPS）和氧化三甲胺（TMAO）。总之，PC对IR的改善作用很大程度上与其脂肪酸组成有关。EPA/DHA-PC可能通过调节肠道微生物组成、改善脂肪组织中的慢性炎症以及促进胰岛素信号通路的转导来预防IR。
