Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
J Med Virol. 2021 May;93(5):2735-2739. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26826. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a pandemic since March 2020. The exact pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of each component of the innate and adaptive immune system is still unknown. However, available data from other coronavirus families, such as SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome and also new findings could be useful for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play an important role in recognition of viral particles and activation of the innate immune system. Activation of TLR pathways leads to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as type 1 interferon. Different TLRs, like TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are potentially important in COVID-19 infection. It is also worth mentioning that we should bear in mind both the beneficial and harmful effects of TLR in confronting COVID-19 infection. TLRs could be a potential target in controlling the infection in the early stages of disease and production of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起，自 2020 年 3 月以来已导致大流行。SARS-CoV-2 的确切发病机制以及先天和适应性免疫系统的各个成分的作用仍不清楚。然而，来自其他冠状病毒家族（例如 SARS-CoV 和中东呼吸综合征）的现有数据以及新发现可能有助于更好地了解 SARS-CoV-2。Toll 样受体（TLR）在识别病毒颗粒和激活先天免疫系统方面起着重要作用。TLR 途径的激活导致促炎细胞因子（如白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α）以及 I 型干扰素的分泌。不同的 TLR，如 TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、TLR6、TLR7、TLR8 和 TLR9，在 COVID-19 感染中可能具有重要意义。值得一提的是，我们应该记住 TLR 在对抗 COVID-19 感染时既有有益的影响也有有害的影响。TLR 可能是在疾病早期控制感染和生产针对 SARS-CoV-2 的疫苗的潜在目标。
