Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium.
ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
Microb Biotechnol. 2021 May;14(3):859-869. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.13759. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Several studies have recently pointed towards an increased occurrence and prevalence of several taxa of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) under healthy conditions versus disease. These include several species of the Lactobacillales such as Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis and Dolosigranulum pigrum. In addition to physiological studies on their potential beneficial functions and their long history of safe use as probiotics in other human body sites, LAB are thus increasingly to be explored as alternative or complementary treatment for URT diseases. This review highlights the importance of lactic acid bacteria in the respiratory tract and their potential as topical probiotics for this body site. We focus on the potential probiotic properties and adaptation factors that are needed for a bacterial strain to optimally exert its beneficial activity in the respiratory tract. Furthermore, we discuss a range of in silico, in vitro and in vivo models needed to obtain better insights into the efficacy and adaptation factors specifically for URT probiotics. Such knowledge will facilitate optimal strain selection in order to conduct rigorous clinical studies with the most suitable probiotic strains. Despite convincing evidence from microbiome association and in vitro studies, the clinical evidence for oral or topical probiotics for common URT diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) needs further substantiation.
最近有几项研究指出，在健康条件下，与疾病相比，上呼吸道（URT）微生物群中几种乳杆菌（LAB）的发生和流行有所增加。这些包括乳杆菌目（Lactobacillales）的几个属，例如干酪乳杆菌（Lacticaseibacillus casei）、乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）和凶猛瘤胃球菌（Dolosigranulum pigrum）。除了对其潜在有益功能的生理研究及其作为其他人体部位益生菌的长期安全使用历史外，LAB 也越来越多地被探索为 URT 疾病的替代或补充治疗方法。本综述强调了 LAB 在呼吸道中的重要性及其作为该部位局部益生菌的潜力。我们重点介绍了细菌菌株在呼吸道中发挥最佳有益活性所需的潜在益生菌特性和适应因子。此外，我们还讨论了一系列体内、体外和体内模型，以更好地了解 URT 益生菌的功效和适应因子。这些知识将有助于最佳菌株的选择，以便对最适合的益生菌菌株进行严格的临床研究。尽管有来自微生物组关联和体外研究的令人信服的证据，但针对慢性鼻鼻窦炎（CRS）等常见 URT 疾病的口服或局部益生菌的临床证据仍需要进一步证实。
