尼泊尔西部留守儿童的父母迁移与心理健康
Parental migration and psychological well-being of left-behind adolescents in Western Nepal.
作者信息
Kharel Madhu, Akira Shibanuma, Kiriya Junko, Ong Ken Ing Cherng, Jimba Masamine
机构信息
Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 28;16(1):e0245873. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245873. eCollection 2021.
INTRODUCTION
International migration is increasing rapidly around the world mostly to obtain a job. International migrant workers usually leave their children back in their country of origin, and among family members, adolescents may experience greater psychological distress from parental separation. However, limited evidence is available on the relationship between parental international migration and psychological well-being of left-behind adolescents. Nepal has a relatively higher and increasing number of international migrants, and this study was conducted to examine the association between parental international migration and the psychological well-being of left-behind adolescents in Nepal.
METHODS
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 626 adolescents in two districts of Western Nepal, where international migration is common. Adolescents were recruited through random sampling. Pre-tested "Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire" was used to measure their psychological well-being and simple and multiple linear regression were used to examine the association between parental international migration and the psychological well-being of left-behind adolescents.
RESULTS
Adolescents with none of the parents living abroad were more likely to have higher total difficulties score compared to those with one of the parents living abroad (B: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.18, 1.86; p = 0.017). Adolescents with the following factors were more likely to have higher total difficulties score in comparison to their counterparts: adolescents in their late adolescence period, female adolescents, adolescents from ethnicities other than Brahmin and adolescents studying in private schools.
CONCLUSION
In rural districts of Nepal, where international migration is common, adolescents living with the parents were more likely to have poorer psychological well-being compared to those with one of the parents living abroad. Adolescents' adaptation mechanism for the absence of parents for international migration might be explored in the future studies.
引言
全球范围内的国际移民数量正在迅速增加，主要目的是获得工作。国际移民工人通常会将子女留在原籍国，在家庭成员中，青少年可能会因与父母分离而经历更大的心理困扰。然而，关于父母国际移民与留守儿童心理健康之间的关系，现有证据有限。尼泊尔的国际移民数量相对较多且呈上升趋势，本研究旨在探讨尼泊尔父母国际移民与留守儿童心理健康之间的关联。
方法
在尼泊尔西部两个国际移民常见的地区，对626名青少年进行了一项基于学校的横断面研究。通过随机抽样招募青少年。使用经过预测试的“优势与困难问卷”来测量他们的心理健康状况，并采用简单和多元线性回归来检验父母国际移民与留守儿童心理健康之间的关联。
结果
与父母一方居住在国外的青少年相比，父母均不在国外居住的青少年更有可能有更高的总困难得分（B：1.02；95%置信区间：0.18，1.86；p = 0.017）。与同龄人相比，具有以下因素的青少年更有可能有更高的总困难得分：接近青春期后期的青少年、女性青少年、非婆罗门族青少年以及在私立学校就读的青少年。
结论
在尼泊尔国际移民常见的农村地区，与父母一方居住在国外的青少年相比，与父母同住的青少年心理健康状况更差。未来的研究可以探索青少年对父母因国际移民而不在身边的适应机制。
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