Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Prev Vet Med. 2021 Mar;188:105261. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105261. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Staphylococcus aureus, one of the main contagious mastitis pathogens worldwide, is characterized for causing chronic intramammary infections that respond poorly to antimicrobial therapy, disseminating within the herd leading to high economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of phenotypic resistance to antimicrobial agents among S. aureus collected worldwide in the context of bovine intramammary infections between the years 1969-2020. A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). One hundred and fifty-five articles were eligible for quantitative review. Most of studies included in this meta-analysis were from Europe (88), followed by Asia (56), Latin America (39), Africa (32), North America (26), and Oceania (8). The highest overall prevalence of resistant S. aureus was against penicillin (pestimate 0.451, CI95 % 0.415-0.487), followed by clindamycin, erythromycin, and gentamycin (p-estimate = 0.149, 0.085, and 0.069, respectively). Ceftiofur and cephalotin presented the lowest overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR, p-estimate = 0.020 and 0.015, respectively). The AMR to almost all the antimicrobials evaluated presented an increasing pattern over time, more apparent from 2009 onwards. The antimicrobials with a higher increase in their AMR prevalence over time were clindamycin, gentamycin, and oxacillin. Africa, Asia and Latin America were the continents with higher AMR to most compounds included in this study. No differences in AMR were detected regarding the clinical origin of the isolates (subclinical vs clinical mastitis) for almost all antibiotics evaluated. Differences in the method for testing AMR (disc diffusion method vs minimum inhibitory concentration) and type of study design for monitoring AMR were detected underscoring the importance of these variables as critical factors to enable comparisons for evaluating emergence of AMR.
金黄色葡萄球菌是世界范围内主要的传染性乳腺炎病原体之一，其特征是引起对抗菌治疗反应不佳的慢性乳腺炎感染，在畜群中传播导致高经济损失。本研究旨在确定 1969 年至 2020 年期间在奶牛乳腺炎背景下从世界各地收集的金黄色葡萄球菌对抗菌药物的表型耐药率。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 进行了系统评价。有 155 篇文章有资格进行定量审查。这项荟萃分析中包含的大多数研究来自欧洲 (88)，其次是亚洲 (56)、拉丁美洲 (39)、非洲 (32)、北美 (26) 和大洋洲 (8)。金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率最高的是青霉素 (估计值 0.451，95%CI95%0.415-0.487)，其次是克林霉素、红霉素和庆大霉素 (估计值分别为 0.149、0.085 和 0.069)。头孢噻呋和头孢噻肟的抗菌药物耐药率最低 (估计值分别为 0.020 和 0.015)。几乎所有评估的抗菌药物的耐药率都呈现出随时间增加的趋势，自 2009 年以来更为明显。随着时间的推移，耐药率增加的抗菌药物有克林霉素、庆大霉素和苯唑西林。在本研究中，非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲是对大多数化合物耐药率最高的大陆。几乎所有评估的抗生素都没有检测到临床和亚临床乳腺炎来源的分离株的耐药率存在差异。检测到用于检测抗菌药物耐药性的方法 (纸片扩散法与最小抑菌浓度) 和监测抗菌药物耐药性的研究设计类型的差异，突出了这些变量作为关键因素的重要性，以实现比较以评估抗菌药物耐药性的出现。
