Zhang He, Lv Jiaxun, Ma Zhili, Ma Junfeng, Chen Jing
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Molecules. 2025 Mar 29;30(7):1529. doi: 10.3390/molecules30071529.
This comprehensive review explores the advancements in the study of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), highlighting their potential as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics in the context of growing antibiotic resistance. AMPs are small molecular proteins found ubiquitously in nature, exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects, and are vital components of the innate immune system. Due to their non-specific membrane-disrupting mechanism, AMPs are emerging as effective candidates for novel anti-infective agents. The integration of AMPs with biomaterials, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, polymers, and hydrogels, enhances their stability and efficacy while offering multifunctional therapeutic benefits. These combinations promote diverse antibacterial mechanisms, including membrane disruption, intracellular metabolic interference, cell wall modulation, and immune system activation. Despite challenges, such as toxicity, stability, and resistance, innovative strategies including computer-aided design and structural modification show promise in optimizing AMPs' activity, targeting precision, and biocompatibility. The potential for AMPs in clinical applications remains highly promising, with significant opportunities for overcoming antimicrobial resistance through novel AMP-based therapeutic strategies.
这篇综述探讨了抗菌肽（AMPs）研究的进展，强调了在抗生素耐药性不断增加的背景下，它们作为传统抗生素有前景的替代品的潜力。抗菌肽是自然界中普遍存在的小分子蛋白质，具有广谱抗菌活性，包括抗菌、抗病毒和抗真菌作用，是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。由于其非特异性的膜破坏机制，抗菌肽正成为新型抗感染药物的有效候选物。抗菌肽与生物材料（如纳米颗粒、脂质体、聚合物和水凝胶）的结合增强了它们的稳定性和功效，同时提供多功能治疗益处。这些组合促进了多种抗菌机制，包括膜破坏、细胞内代谢干扰、细胞壁调节和免疫系统激活。尽管存在毒性、稳定性和耐药性等挑战，但包括计算机辅助设计和结构修饰在内的创新策略在优化抗菌肽的活性、靶向精准度和生物相容性方面显示出前景。抗菌肽在临床应用中的潜力仍然非常有前景，通过基于新型抗菌肽的治疗策略克服抗菌耐药性有重大机遇。
