Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 20;770:144677. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144677. Epub 2021 Jan 17.
The omnipresence of pharmaceuticals at relatively high concentrations (μg/L) in environmental compartments indicated their inadequate removal by wastewater treatment plants. As such, batch reactors seeded with activated sludge were set up to assess the biotransformation of metformin, ranitidine, lidocaine and atorvastatin. The main objective was to identify transformation products (TPs) through the establishment of an integrated workflow for suspect and non-target screening based on reversed phase liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To support the identification, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was used as a complementary tool, in order to enhance the completeness of the developed workflow by identifying the more polar TPs. The structure assignment/elucidation of the candidate TPs was mainly based on interpretation of MS/MS spectra. Twenty-two TPs were identified, with fourteen of them reaching high identification confidence levels (level 1: confirmed structure by reference standards and level 2: probable structure by library spectrum match and diagnostic evidence). Finally, retrospective analysis in influent and effluent wastewater was performed for the TPs for four consecutive years in wastewater sampled in Athens, Greece. The potential toxicological threat of the compounds to the aquatic environment was assessed and atorvastatin with two of its TPs showed a potential risk to the aquatic organisms.
药品在环境介质中普遍存在于相对较高的浓度（μg/L），这表明它们不能被污水处理厂有效去除。因此，采用活性污泥接种的批量反应器来评估二甲双胍、雷尼替丁、利多卡因和阿托伐他汀的生物转化。主要目标是通过建立基于反相液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱的可疑和非靶向筛选的综合工作流程来鉴定转化产物（TPs）。为了支持鉴定，使用亲水作用液相色谱（HILIC）作为补充工具，通过鉴定更极性的 TPs 来提高所开发工作流程的完整性。候选 TPs 的结构赋值/阐明主要基于对 MS/MS 谱的解释。共鉴定出 22 种 TPs，其中 14 种达到了高鉴定置信水平（1 级：通过参比标准确认结构；2 级：通过库谱匹配和诊断证据推断结构）。最后，在希腊雅典连续四年采集的污水中对进水和出水中的 TPs 进行了回顾性分析。评估了这些化合物对水生环境的潜在毒理学威胁，阿托伐他汀及其两种 TPs 对水生生物具有潜在风险。
