CIESOL, Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
CIESOL, Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Jun 15;412:125080. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125080. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
The transformation that pharmaceuticals can undergo during the water reclamation cycle, or by biotic/abiotic reactions when reclaimed water (RW) is used for irrigation, can lead to the presence of transformation products (TPs) in agricultural environments. However, data on TPs in real crops are scarce. Herein, a suspect screening approach was applied for the comprehensive investigation of 262 potential TPs, associated with 20 prioritised pharmaceuticals found in real tomato crops exposed to long-term RW irrigation. The occurrence and fate of the TPs was evaluated by the retrospective analysis of RW, soil, leave and tomato samples from 4 intensive production greenhouses. Sample analysis was accomplished by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Up to 18 TPs were tentatively identified, of which 2 were not previously reported. 7 TPs were finally confirmed with analytical standards. 5 TPs were determined in RW, 15 TPs in soil and 2 TPs in leaves. Remarkably, the investigated TPs were not found in tomato fruits. These results shed light on the variety of TPs that can be found in the water reuse cycle and contribute to the assessment of the global risks of wastewater reuse and the safety of the vegetable and fruit production system.
在水回收循环过程中，或在回用水（RW）用于灌溉时通过生物/非生物反应，药品可能会发生转化，导致农业环境中存在转化产物（TPs）。然而，关于实际作物中 TPs 的数据却很少。在此，应用了一种可疑筛选方法，对 20 种优先药物进行了综合调查，这些药物与长期接受 RW 灌溉的实际番茄作物中发现的 262 种潜在 TPs 有关。通过对来自 4 个集约化生产温室的 RW、土壤、叶片和番茄样本的回顾性分析，评估了 TPs 的发生和命运。样品分析通过液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用（LC-QTOF-MS）完成。共鉴定出 18 种 TPs，其中 2 种以前未报道过。最终用分析标准品确认了 7 种 TPs。在 RW 中检测到 5 种 TPs，在土壤中检测到 15 种 TPs，在叶片中检测到 2 种 TPs。值得注意的是，在所研究的番茄果实中未发现这些 TPs。这些结果揭示了在水再利用循环中可能存在的多种 TPs，有助于评估废水再利用的全球风险和蔬菜、水果生产系统的安全性。
