Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Girona, Spain.
Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and IRBIO, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Anim Ecol. 2021 Jun;90(6):1419-1432. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13435. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
As species struggle to cope with rising ocean temperatures, temperate marine assemblages are facing major reorganization. Many benthic species have a brief but critical period dispersing through the plankton, when they are particularly susceptible to variations in temperature. Impacts of rising temperatures can thus ripple through the population with community-wide consequences. However, responses are highly species-specific, making it difficult to discern assemblage-wide patterns in the life histories of different fish species. Here, we evaluate the responses to temperature in the early life histories of several fish species using otolith reconstructive techniques. We also assess the consequences of future warming scenarios to this assemblage. We sampled recent settlers of nine common species across a temperature gradient in the Mediterranean Sea and obtained environmental data for each individual. Using otolith microstructure, we measured early life traits including pelagic larval duration (PLD), growth rate, settlement size, hatching and settlement dates. We used a GLM framework to examine how environmental variables influenced early life-history parameters. We show that increasing temperature results in considerable reduction in the dispersal potential of temperate fish. We find a nearly universal, assemblage-wide decline in pelagic larval duration (PLD) of between 10% and 25%. This was because, with increasing temperature, larvae grew quicker to their settlement size. Settlement size itself was less affected by temperature and appears to be an ontogenetically fixed process. Given current estimates of ocean warming, there could be an assemblage-wide reduction in larval dispersal of up to 50 km across the Mediterranean, reducing connectivity and potentially isolating populations as waters warm.
随着物种努力应对不断上升的海洋温度，温带海洋生物组合正面临重大重组。许多底栖物种在通过浮游生物扩散时有一个短暂但关键的时期，此时它们特别容易受到温度变化的影响。因此，温度升高的影响会在种群中产生涟漪效应，带来全社区的后果。然而，反应具有高度的物种特异性，使得难以在不同鱼类的生命历史中辨别组合范围内的模式。在这里，我们使用耳石重建技术评估了几种鱼类早期生命史对温度的反应。我们还评估了未来变暖情景对该组合的影响。我们在地中海的一个温度梯度上采样了 9 种常见物种的最近定居者，并为每个个体获得了环境数据。使用耳石微观结构，我们测量了早期生命特征，包括浮游幼体持续时间 (PLD)、生长率、定居大小、孵化和定居日期。我们使用广义线性模型 (GLM) 框架来检查环境变量如何影响早期生活史参数。我们表明，温度升高会导致温带鱼类的扩散潜力大大降低。我们发现浮游幼体持续时间 (PLD) 几乎普遍下降了 10%至 25%，这是因为随着温度的升高，幼虫更快地生长到其定居大小。定居大小本身受温度的影响较小，似乎是一个发育固定的过程。考虑到目前对海洋变暖的估计，在地中海范围内，幼虫的扩散可能会减少多达 50 公里，这将降低连通性并随着水温升高潜在地使种群隔离。
