College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 28;11(1):2537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82270-9.
High amount of corn (Zea mays L.) residue left in the field interferes with seeding operations, which hinders the viability of conservation agriculture. Vertical tillage is a promising practice in dealing with heavy crop residue, but its effectiveness largely depends on the design and use of tillage machines. In this study, three vertical tillage discs with different shapes, namely notched, plain, and rippled, were tested in a soil bin at two different working depths, shallow (63.5 mm) and deep (127 mm). Corn residues were spread on top of the soil as surface residue. soil cutting forces, soil displacement, and residue mixing with soil, as well as residue cutting were measured. The results showed that the working depth had a stronger effect on the performance of discs as compared to the disc type. No difference in residue cutting was found between the treatments. The deep working depth resulted in 5.1% higher residue mixing, 53.4% greater soil cutting forces, and 34.9% larger soil displacements, as compared to the shallow depth. The rippled disc resulted in the largest soil displacements with the greatest demand in soil cutting forces. Overall, the rippled disc was the most aggressive among the three discs with regard to the performance indicators measured. The results suggested that varying working depth would be an effective approach in changing the soil dynamics and residue cutting performance of the discs for vertical tillage.
田间残留的大量玉米（Zea mays L.）秸秆会干扰播种作业，从而影响保护性农业的可行性。垂直耕作是处理重茬秸秆的一种很有前途的做法，但它的效果在很大程度上取决于耕作机械的设计和使用。本研究在土壤槽中测试了三种不同形状的垂直耕作圆盘，即有槽、无槽和波纹状，在两个不同的工作深度（浅 63.5 毫米和深 127 毫米）下进行了测试。将玉米秸秆作为表土残茬铺在土壤表面。测量了土壤切割力、土壤位移以及残茬与土壤的混合程度和残茬切割情况。结果表明，与圆盘类型相比，工作深度对圆盘性能的影响更强。处理之间的残茬切割没有差异。与浅工作深度相比，深工作深度导致残茬混合增加了 5.1%，土壤切割力增加了 53.4%，土壤位移增加了 34.9%。波纹圆盘产生的土壤位移最大，对土壤切割力的需求也最大。总的来说，波纹圆盘在测量的性能指标方面是三个圆盘中最具侵略性的。结果表明，改变工作深度将是改变圆盘土壤动力学和残茬切割性能的有效方法，适用于垂直耕作。
