Ahmad Fiaz, Weimin Ding, Qishuo Ding, Hussain Mubshar, Jabran Khawar
College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, P.R. China; College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakeriya University, Multan, Pakistan.
College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, P.R. China.
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 30;10(3):e0119648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119648. eCollection 2015.
Conservation tillage is an energy efficient and low cost tillage system to improve soil environment compared with conventional tillage systems. However, the rice residue management becomes an "impossible to achieve" task due to high soil moisture content at harvest time and the thickness of rice straw. Disc type furrow openers are used for both seed drilling as well as straw cutting during no tillage sowing. A study was conducted to evaluate the draft requirement and straw cutting performances of different sized furrow openers in no-till paddy soil conditions. Double disc furrow opener was tested on an in-field traction bench for three working depths, i.e. 30, 60 and 90 mm, and three forwarding speeds, i.e. 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 m/s. The draft and vertical forces on the disc were recorded with load cells. These sensors were connected to a data acquisition system developed with hardware and software. The results revealed that the size of the furrow opener, operating depth and the forwarding speed had significant effects (P<0.05) on the horizontal and vertical forces, and the straw cutting performance. Mean values of the draft were 648.9, 737.2 and 784.6 N for the opener with diameters of 330, 450 and 600 mm respectively, and the vertical forces for similar openers were 904.7, 1553.9 and 1620.4 N, respectively. Furthermore, the mean straw cutting efficiencies for the double disc opener with diameters of 330, 450 and 600 mm were 39.36, 78.47 and 65.46%, respectively. The opener with 450 mm diameter provided higher straw cutting efficiency as compared to 600 mm diameter disc, while lowest straw cutting efficiency was observed with 330 mm diameter disc. The 450 mm diameter opener provided the highest straw cutting efficiency (88.6%) at 90 mm working depth and expressed optimum performance compared with other furrow openers.
与传统耕作系统相比，保护性耕作是一种节能且低成本的耕作系统，有助于改善土壤环境。然而，由于收获时土壤湿度高以及稻草厚度大，水稻秸秆管理成为一项“难以完成”的任务。圆盘式开沟器用于免耕播种时的播种和秸秆切割。开展了一项研究，以评估不同尺寸的开沟器在免耕稻田土壤条件下的牵引需求和秸秆切割性能。在田间牵引试验台上对双圆盘开沟器进行了测试，测试了三个工作深度，即30、60和90毫米，以及三个前进速度，即0.1、0.2和0.3米/秒。用测力传感器记录圆盘上的牵引力和垂直力。这些传感器连接到一个用硬件和软件开发的数据采集系统。结果表明，开沟器的尺寸、工作深度和前进速度对水平力、垂直力和秸秆切割性能有显著影响（P<0.05）。直径为330、450和600毫米的开沟器的平均牵引力分别为648.9、737.2和784.6牛，类似开沟器的垂直力分别为904.7、1553.9和1620.4牛。此外，直径为330、450和600毫米的双圆盘开沟器的平均秸秆切割效率分别为39.36%、78.47%和65.46%。与直径600毫米的圆盘相比，直径450毫米的开沟器秸秆切割效率更高，而直径330毫米的圆盘秸秆切割效率最低。直径450毫米的开沟器在90毫米工作深度时秸秆切割效率最高（88.6%），与其他开沟器相比表现出最佳性能。
