Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, Sapporo, 0608589, Japan.
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Botanic Garden, Hokkaido University, Kita-3, Nishi-8, Chuoku, Sapporo, 0600003, Japan.
J Plant Res. 2021 Mar;134(2):291-304. doi: 10.1007/s10265-021-01254-y. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Ionomics is the measurement of total metal, metalloid, and nonmetal accumulation in living organisms. Plant ionomics has been applied to various types of research in the last decade. It has been reported that the ionome of a plant is strongly affected by its evolution and by environmental factors. In this study, we analyzed the concentration of 23 elements in leaves of 819 plant species (175 families) growing in the Botanic Garden of Hokkaido University, Japan. Relative variation estimated by the coefficient of variation in foliar concentrations of essential elements among various plant species tended to be low, whereas nickel concentration showed exceptionally large relative variation. By contrast, the relative variation in nonessential elements was high, particularly in sodium, aluminum, and arsenic. The higher relative variations in these element concentrations can be explained by the occurrence of plants that are hyperaccumulators for these elements. Differences in life forms such as herbaceous/woody species, deciduous/evergreen woody species and annual/perennial herbaceous species affected the concentration of several elements in the leaves. These differences were considered to be due to the combined factors including differences in lifespan, growth rate, and cell wall thickness of the leaves. Results of principal component analyses (based on concentration data of essential and nonessential elements in leaf samples) indicated phylogenetic influences on plant ionomes at the family level in Polypodiales, Pinales, Poales, and Ericales. Furthermore, when analyzing correlations among concentrations of all elements in each order and comparing among different orders, the results also suggested that Polypodiales, Pinales, and Poales each had a specific ion homeostasis network.
离子组学是测量生物体内金属、类金属和非金属的总量。在过去的十年中，植物离子组学已应用于各种类型的研究。据报道，植物的离子组强烈受到其进化和环境因素的影响。在这项研究中，我们分析了日本北海道大学植物园中 819 种植物（175 科）叶片中 23 种元素的浓度。通过比较不同植物种类叶片中必需元素浓度的变异系数，我们发现相对变异通常较低，但镍浓度的相对变异却异常大。相比之下，非必需元素的相对变异较高，特别是钠、铝和砷。这些元素浓度的相对变异较大可以用这些元素的超积累植物的存在来解释。生活型的差异，如草本/木本、落叶/常绿木本和一年生/多年生草本，影响了叶片中几种元素的浓度。这些差异被认为是由于寿命、生长速度和叶片细胞壁厚度等方面的差异所导致的。主成分分析（基于叶片样本中必需和非必需元素浓度数据）的结果表明，在石松目、松柏目、禾本科和杜鹃花目中，科水平的植物离子组受到系统发育的影响。此外，当分析每个目所有元素浓度之间的相关性并比较不同目的元素浓度时，结果还表明，石松目、松柏目和禾本科各自具有特定的离子平衡网络。
