Pediatric Dentistry.
Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Oct 2;60(10):4765-4777. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab098.
SS is an autoimmune disease most commonly diagnosed in adults but can occur in children. Our objective was to assess the presence of chemokines, cytokines and biomarkers (CCBMs) in saliva from these children that were associated with lymphocyte and mononuclear cell functions.
Saliva was collected from 11 children diagnosed with SS prior to age 18 years and 16 normal healthy children. A total of 105 CCBMs were detected in multiplex microparticle-based immunoassays. ANOVA and t test (0.05 level) were used to detect differences. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to assess whether elevated CCBMs were in annotations associated with immune system diseases and select leukocyte activities and functions. Machine learning methods were used to evaluate the predictive power of these CCBMs for SS and were measured by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC).
Of the 105 CCBMs detected, 43 (40.9%) differed in children with SS from those in healthy study controls (P < 0.05) and could differentiate the two groups (P < 0.05). Elevated CCBMs in IPA annotations were associated with autoimmune diseases and with leukocyte chemotaxis, migration, proliferation, and regulation of T cell activation. The best AUC value in ROC analysis was 0.93, indicating that there are small numbers of CCBMs that may be useful for diagnosis of SS.
While 35 of these 43 CCBMs have been previously reported in SS, 8 CCBMs had not. Additional studies focusing on these CCBMs may provide further insight into disease pathogenesis and may contribute to diagnosis of SS in children.
SS 是一种常见于成年人的自身免疫性疾病，但也可能发生在儿童身上。我们的目的是评估这些儿童唾液中与淋巴细胞和单核细胞功能相关的趋化因子、细胞因子和生物标志物（CCBMs）的存在情况。
收集了 11 名年龄在 18 岁以下被诊断为 SS 的儿童和 16 名健康儿童的唾液。在基于微粒子的多重免疫分析中检测到了 105 种 CCBMs。采用方差分析和 t 检验（0.05 水平）检测差异。采用 Ingenuity 通路分析（IPA）评估升高的 CCBMs 是否在与免疫系统疾病相关的注释中，并选择白细胞活动和功能。采用机器学习方法评估这些 CCBMs 对 SS 的预测能力，并通过接收者操作特征（ROC）曲线和曲线下面积（AUC）进行测量。
在检测到的 105 种 CCBMs 中，有 43 种（40.9%）在 SS 患儿中与健康对照组不同（P < 0.05），并且可以区分两组（P < 0.05）。IPA 注释中升高的 CCBMs 与自身免疫性疾病以及白细胞趋化、迁移、增殖和 T 细胞激活的调节有关。ROC 分析中最佳 AUC 值为 0.93，表明存在少量 CCBMs 可能对 SS 的诊断有用。
虽然这 43 种 CCBMs 中有 35 种以前在 SS 中报道过，但还有 8 种没有报道过。对这些 CCBMs 的进一步研究可能有助于深入了解疾病的发病机制，并有助于儿童 SS 的诊断。
