School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3083.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia, 3000.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021 Aug 17;45(4). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa066.
Lipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids, protein sequestration, removal of toxic lipids and cellular communication; however, recent advancements in the field show these organelles as essential for various cellular stress response mechanisms, including inflammation and immunity, with LDs acting as hubs that integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes. The accumulation of LDs has become a hallmark of infection, and is often thought to be virally driven; however, recent evidence is pointing to a role for the upregulation of LDs in the production of a successful immune response to viral infection. The fatty acids housed in LDs are also gaining interest due to the role that these lipid species play during viral infection, and their link to the synthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that have been found to have a very complex role in viral infection. This review explores the role of LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators during viral infections and poses a paradigm shift in thinking in the field, whereby LDs may play pivotal roles in protecting the host against viral infection.
脂滴（LDs）有助于细胞生理和病理生理学的关键途径。在稳态观点中，LDs 调节中性脂质的储存、蛋白质隔离、去除有毒脂质和细胞通讯；然而，该领域的最新进展表明，这些细胞器对于各种细胞应激反应机制至关重要，包括炎症和免疫，LDs 作为整合代谢和炎症过程的枢纽。LDs 的积累已成为感染的标志，通常被认为是病毒驱动的；然而，最近的证据表明，LDs 的上调在产生对病毒感染的成功免疫反应中发挥作用。储存在 LDs 中的脂肪酸也因其在病毒感染过程中发挥的作用而引起关注，这些脂质种类与生物活性脂质介质的合成有关，这些脂质介质在病毒感染中具有非常复杂的作用。本文综述了 LDs 及其随后的脂质介质在病毒感染中的作用，并提出了该领域思维方式的范式转变，即 LDs 可能在保护宿主免受病毒感染方面发挥关键作用。
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