Forsling M L, Matziari C, Aziz L
Department of Physiology, University College, London.
J Endocrinol. 1988 Feb;116(2):217-24. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1160217.
The vasopressin response of rats to i.p. injection of hypertonic sodium chloride (1.5 mol/l) was compared with that following i.v. infusion of 1.05 mol sodium chloride/l. The two regimes produced a similar vasopressin response in terms of the osmotic threshold, although the slopes of the plot of plasma vasopressin levels against plasma osmolality were not identical. Pretreatment with naloxone and levallorphan increased the resting vasopressin levels and effectively potentiated vasopressin release in response to hypertonic saline by reducing the osmotic threshold for hormone release. Thus, opioid peptides appear to exert an inhibitory effect on vasopressin release under resting and stimulated conditions. The adrenoreceptor antagonists propranolol, phenyoxybenzamine and phentolamine produced a fall in resting vasopressin concentrations while propranolol and phenoxybenzamine potentiated the osmotic release of vasopressin in association with a fall in the osmotic threshold. This would suggest that noradrenergic pathways are excitatory at rest while having an inhibitory effect on the osmotic response. Metoclopramide also produced a fall in resting plasma vasopressin concentrations while increasing the osmotic response. In contrast haloperidol did not affect the vasopressin response.
将大鼠腹腔注射高渗氯化钠（1.5摩尔/升）后的血管加压素反应与静脉输注1.05摩尔/升氯化钠后的反应进行了比较。尽管血浆血管加压素水平与血浆渗透压关系图的斜率并不相同，但就渗透阈值而言，这两种给药方式产生了相似的血管加压素反应。用纳洛酮和左洛啡烷预处理可提高静息血管加压素水平，并通过降低激素释放的渗透阈值有效地增强了对高渗盐水的血管加压素释放。因此，阿片肽似乎在静息和刺激条件下对血管加压素释放发挥抑制作用。肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂普萘洛尔、酚苄明和酚妥拉明使静息血管加压素浓度降低，而普萘洛尔和酚苄明在降低渗透阈值的同时增强了血管加压素的渗透释放。这表明去甲肾上腺素能通路在静息时具有兴奋性，而对渗透反应具有抑制作用。甲氧氯普胺也使静息血浆血管加压素浓度降低，同时增强了渗透反应。相比之下，氟哌啶醇对血管加压素反应没有影响。
