Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2021 Mar 4;23(2):240-274. doi: 10.1039/d0em00312c.
Increased production and use of plastics has resulted in growth in the amount of plastic debris accumulating in the environment, potentially fragmenting into smaller pieces. Fragments <5 mm are typically defined as microplastics, while fragments <0.1 μm are defined as nanoplastics. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have reported the occurrence and potential hazards of plastic particles in the aquatic environment. However, less is understood about plastic particles in the terrestrial environment and specifically how much plastic accumulates in soils, the possible sources, potential ecological impacts, interaction of plastic particles with the soil environment, and appropriate extraction and analytical techniques for assessing the above. In this review, a comprehensive overview and a critical perspective on the current state of knowledge on plastic pollution in the soil environment is provided: detailing known sources, occurrence and distribution, analytical techniques used for identification and quantification and the ecological impacts of particles on soil. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified along with suggestions for future research.
塑料产量和使用量的增加导致环境中积累的塑料碎片数量不断增加，这些碎片可能会碎裂成更小的碎片。通常将 5 毫米以下的碎片定义为微塑料，而将 0.1 微米以下的碎片定义为纳米塑料。在过去的十年中，越来越多的研究报告了水生环境中塑料颗粒的存在和潜在危害。然而，人们对陆地环境中的塑料颗粒了解较少，特别是在土壤中积累了多少塑料、可能的来源、潜在的生态影响、塑料颗粒与土壤环境的相互作用以及评估上述内容的适当提取和分析技术方面了解较少。在这篇综述中，对土壤环境中塑料污染的现有知识状况进行了全面概述和批判性分析：详细介绍了已知的来源、存在和分布、用于识别和量化的分析技术以及颗粒对土壤的生态影响。此外，还确定了知识空白，并提出了未来研究的建议。
