School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing 100015, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Dec 1;798:149338. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149338. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
The mass production and wide application of plastics and their derivatives have led to the release of a large number of discarded plastic products into the natural environment, where they continue to accumulate due to their low recycling rate and long durability. These large pieces of plastic will gradually break into microplastics (<5 mm), which are highly persistent organic pollutants and attract worldwide attention due to their small particle size and potential threats to the ecosystem. Compared with the aquatic system, terrestrial systems such as soils, as sinks for microplastics, are more susceptible to plastic pollution. In this article, we comprehensively summarized the occurrence and sources of microplastics in terrestrial soil, and reviewed the eco-toxicological effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems, in terms of physical and chemical properties of soil, soil nutrient cycling, soil flora and fauna. The influence of microplastics on soil microbial community, and particularly the microbial community on the surface of microplastics, were examined in detail. The compound effects of microplastics and other pollutants, e.g., heavy metals and antibiotics, were addressed. Future challenges of research on microplastics include development of new techniques and standardization for the extraction and qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in soils, toxic effects of microplastics at microbial or even molecular levels, the contribution of microplastics to antibiotic resistance genes migration, and unraveling microorganisms for the degradation of microplastics. This work provides as a better understanding of the occurrence, distribution and potential ecological risks of microplastics in terrestrial soil ecosystems.
塑料及其衍生品的大规模生产和广泛应用导致大量废弃塑料产品被释放到自然环境中，由于其回收利用率低和耐久性长，这些大块塑料继续积累。这些大块塑料将逐渐分解为微塑料（<5 毫米），由于其粒径小且对生态系统可能构成威胁，这些微塑料是高度持久性有机污染物，引起了全球关注。与水生系统相比，作为微塑料汇的陆地系统，如土壤，更容易受到塑料污染。在本文中，我们全面总结了陆地土壤中微塑料的发生和来源，并从土壤物理化学性质、土壤养分循环、土壤动植物等方面综述了微塑料在土壤生态系统中的生态毒理学效应。详细检查了微塑料对土壤微生物群落的影响，特别是微塑料表面上的微生物群落。还探讨了微塑料与其他污染物（如重金属和抗生素）的复合效应。微塑料研究的未来挑战包括开发新技术和标准，用于提取和定性定量分析土壤中的微塑料，研究微塑料在微生物甚至分子水平上的毒性效应，揭示微塑料对抗生素耐药基因迁移的贡献，并阐明用于降解微塑料的微生物。这项工作有助于更好地了解陆地土壤生态系统中微塑料的发生、分布和潜在生态风险。
