Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(22):27555-27564. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12386-y. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Atmospheric PM-bound metals have been widely addressed, but research on the exposure levels and sources of personal PM-bound metals among urban community residents is limited. The aim of this study is to explore the exposure levels and sources of 24-h personal PM-bound metals among community inhabitants in Wuhan, China. We conducted a penal study of 216 observations with measurements of 16 metals bounded to 24-h personal PM samples in April-May, 2014, 2017. Analyses of covariance were used to compare PM-bound metal levels across different living habits and ambient conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was performed to explore PM-bound metal sources. Personal PM-bound aluminum (Al) (113.41 ng/m) showed the highest geometric mean (GM) concentration, followed by lead (Pb) (90.89 ng/m), zinc (Zn) (67.71 ng/m), and iron (Fe) (51.85 ng/m). The elevated levels of PM-bound Al, vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), rubidium (Rb), cadmium (Cd), and thallium (Tl) were found in participants with cigarette smoke exposure, compared with those without. The concentrations of Rb and strontium (Sr) were positively associated with the time spent outdoors. The increased concentration of nickel (Ni) was found in individuals who spent > 30 min/day in traffic. The elevated levels of V, Mn, and cobalt (Co) were associated with a short distance from dwellings to the main road. The results of PCA showed that PM-bound metals might come from five sources: As, selenium (Se), Rb, Cd, Tl, and Pb from cigarette smoke exposure; Al, V, Mn, Fe, and Sr from crustal dust; copper (Cu) and antimony (Sb) from industrial activities; Ni and Co from traffic emission; and Zn from coal combustion. The concentrations of PM-bound metals in this study were at moderate levels. Cigarette smoke exposure, industrial activities, traffic emission, and coal combustion might be major anthropogenic sources of personal PM-bound metal exposures in Wuhan, China.
大气颗粒物结合态金属已得到广泛研究，但有关城市社区居民个体 PM 结合态金属的暴露水平和来源的研究却很有限。本研究旨在探讨中国武汉市社区居民个体 PM 结合态金属的暴露水平和来源。我们对 2014 年 4 月至 5 月和 2017 年采集的 216 例 24 小时个人 PM 样本中 16 种金属进行了检测，分析了不同生活习惯和环境条件下 PM 结合态金属水平的差异。采用协方差分析比较了 PM 结合态金属水平，采用主成分分析（PCA）和方差极大旋转法（varimax rotation）对 PM 结合态金属来源进行了探索。个人 PM 结合态铝（Al）（113.41ng/m）的几何均数（GM）最高，其次为铅（Pb）（90.89ng/m）、锌（Zn）（67.71ng/m）和铁（Fe）（51.85ng/m）。与不接触香烟烟雾的参与者相比，接触香烟烟雾的参与者体内 PM 结合态铝、钒（V）、锰（Mn）、砷（As）、铷（Rb）、镉（Cd）和铊（Tl）水平较高。Rb 和锶（Sr）的浓度与户外活动时间呈正相关。每天在交通中花费>30 分钟的个体体内镍（Ni）浓度增加。V、Mn 和 Co 浓度升高与居住地与主要道路的距离较短有关。PCA 结果表明，PM 结合态金属可能来自五个来源：香烟烟雾暴露来源的 As、硒（Se）、Rb、Cd、Tl 和 Pb；地壳尘来源的 Al、V、Mn、Fe 和 Sr；工业活动来源的 Cu 和 Sb；交通排放来源的 Ni 和 Co；以及煤燃烧来源的 Zn。本研究中 PM 结合态金属的浓度处于中等水平。香烟烟雾暴露、工业活动、交通排放和煤燃烧可能是武汉市个体 PM 结合态金属暴露的主要人为来源。
