Shi Xiao-Lan, Zong Zheng, Peng Hui, Zhang Xin-Jie, Sun Rong, Wang Xiao-Ping, Tian Chong-Guo
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Oct 8;44(10):5335-5343. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202211119.
To explore the change features of PM-bound metals in a background site of North China in the past ten years, 71 and 160 samples were collected from December 2011 to January 2013 (period Ⅰ) and from September 2019 to November 2021 (period Ⅱ) in Tuoji Island National Atmospheric Monitoring Station, respectively.The concentration of metals sampled was determined using ICP-MS, and the concentrations, sources, and health risks of heavy metals were compared. The results revealed that the average concentration of PM was (54.06±39.71) μg·mduring period Ⅱ, which was 3.53 ng·m lower than that during period Ⅰ. The concentrations of Zn, Mn, As, Pb, and V in stage Ⅱ decreased by 54.53, 172.63, 0.8, 79.06, and 3.81 ng·m, respectively, whereas the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, and Ni increased by 2.01, 5.42, 3.03, and 3.55 ng·m, respectively. The PMF model results indicated that the biggest contributor to PM-bound metal was industrial emissions (32.32%), followed by coal combustion (27.47%), vehicle emissions (23.70%), ship emissions (9.69%), and dust sources (6.83%) during period Ⅱ. The contribution ratio of dust sources and ship emissions decreased by 20.73% and 8.83%, respectively, whereas for coal combustion and industrial emissions it increased by 2.50% and 13.52%, respectively, when compared with that during period Ⅰ. The total carcinogenic risk induced by PM-bound heavy metals of period Ⅱ increased, with the highest contributions by Cr and Cd. The total non-carcinogenic risk decreased, with Mn contributing the most. Therefore, in the process of air pollution control, the control of pollution sources of heavy metals such as Cr and Mn should be reinforced.
为探究华北地区一个背景站点过去十年中与颗粒物结合的金属的变化特征，分别于2011年12月至2013年1月（阶段Ⅰ）和2019年9月至2021年11月（阶段Ⅱ）在坨矶岛国家大气监测站采集了71个和160个样本。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定所采集金属的浓度，并对重金属的浓度、来源及健康风险进行了比较。结果显示，阶段Ⅱ期间颗粒物的平均浓度为(54.06±39.71)μg·m ，比阶段Ⅰ期间低3.53 ng·m 。阶段Ⅱ中锌、锰、砷、铅和钒的浓度分别下降了54.53、172.63、0.8、79.06和3.81 ng·m ，而铬、铜、镉和镍的浓度分别增加了2.01、5.42、3.03和3.55 ng·m 。颗粒物源解析模型结果表明，阶段Ⅱ期间与颗粒物结合的金属的最大贡献源是工业排放（32.32%），其次是煤炭燃烧（27.47%）、机动车排放（23.70%）、船舶排放（9.69%）和扬尘源（6.83%）。与阶段Ⅰ相比，扬尘源和船舶排放的贡献率分别下降了20.73%和8.83%，而煤炭燃烧和工业排放的贡献率分别增加了2.50%和13.52%。阶段Ⅱ期间与颗粒物结合的重金属所致的总致癌风险增加，其中铬和镉的贡献最大。总非致癌风险下降，锰的贡献最大。因此，在空气污染控制过程中，应加强对铬和锰等重金属污染源的控制。
