Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, SE, Sweden.
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187, Umea, SE, Sweden.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(22):27629-27638. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12503-x. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Aquatic pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities requires adequate environmental monitoring strategies in sentinel organisms. Thus, biochemical biomarkers have been used as early-warning tools of biological effects in aquatic organisms. However, before using these markers for environmental monitoring, knowledge about their developmental variation is vital. In this study, we assessed baseline levels and developmental variations of a group of potential biomarkers, oxylipins, during the lifespan of the Northern damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Effects of wastewater exposure on baseline levels were studied in a subset of damselflies to investigate the responsiveness due to anthropogenic pollution. Thirty-eight oxylipins deriving from four polyunsaturated fatty acids via two enzymatic pathways were detected in damselflies at three larval stages and in the adult form. Overall, oxylipin baseline levels showed developmental variation, which was lowest in the intermediate larval stages. Effects of exposure to wastewater effluent on oxylipin baseline levels were dependent on the life stage and were greatest in the early and intermediate larval stages. The study provides first insights into oxylipin profiles of damselflies at different stages of development and their developmental variation. Based on our results, we propose further strategies for incorporating oxylipins in damselfly larvae as biochemical markers for anthropogenic pollution.
人为活动导致的水生环境污染需要在指示生物中采用适当的环境监测策略。因此，生物化学生物标志物已被用作水生生物生物效应的预警工具。然而，在将这些标记物用于环境监测之前，了解它们的发育变化至关重要。在这项研究中，我们使用液相色谱-串联质谱法评估了北方蜻蜓（Coenagrion hastulatum）一生中一组潜在生物标志物——氧化脂类的基线水平和发育变化。为了研究人为污染引起的反应性，我们在一部分蜻蜓中研究了废水暴露对基线水平的影响。在三个幼虫阶段和成虫阶段的蜻蜓中检测到了源自四种多不饱和脂肪酸的通过两条酶途径的 38 种氧化脂。总体而言，氧化脂的基线水平表现出发育变化，在中间幼虫阶段最低。废水暴露对氧化脂基线水平的影响取决于生命阶段，在早期和中间幼虫阶段最大。该研究首次提供了不同发育阶段蜻蜓氧化脂谱及其发育变化的见解。基于我们的结果，我们提出了将氧化脂纳入蜻蜓幼虫作为人为污染生物化学标志物的进一步策略。
