Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Daehak-ro 558, Kunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 541-50, South Korea.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seochen-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 20;770:144571. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144571. Epub 2021 Jan 17.
Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), which are used in various plastic products, were analyzed in house dust samples collected from three Korean cities (Suwon, n = 23; Jeonju, n = 20; Kunsan, n = 42). OPFRs, including tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), were detected in 95%-100% of the samples analyzed, suggesting the widespread use of these compounds in Korea. The levels of TCEP, TCPP, and TDCPP in Suwon, Jeonju, and Kunsan ranged from the limit of quantitation to 46,000, 28,000, and 2400 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of all OPFRs were significantly higher in house dust samples from Suwon than from Jeonju and Kunsan; this is likely due to the increased use of these compounds in Suwon, which may be associated with the number, volume, and variety of household products in homes. In Korean homes, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of OPFRs through house dust ingestion was lower than the guideline values; however, the EDI of OPFRs for toddlers was 30-fold greater than for adults, suggesting a limited risk to human health. This is the first comprehensive study of the occurrence and distribution of OPFRs in house dust in Korea.
在韩国三个城市（水原、全州和群山）采集的家庭灰尘样本中分析了用于各种塑料制品的有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（OPFRs）的浓度（水原采集了 23 个样本，全州采集了 20 个样本，群山采集了 42 个样本）。在所分析的样本中，95%-100%都检测到了 OPFRs，包括三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）、三（2-氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCPP）和三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（TDCPP），这表明这些化合物在韩国被广泛使用。在水原、全州和群山，TCEP、TCPP 和 TDCPP 的浓度范围从检出限到 46000、28000 和 2400ng/g。与全州和群山的灰尘样本相比，水原的灰尘样本中所有 OPFRs 的浓度都显著更高；这可能是由于水原这些化合物的使用增加，这可能与家庭中家用产品的数量、体积和种类有关。在韩国家庭中，通过灰尘摄入摄入 OPFRs 的估计每日摄入量（EDI）低于指导值；然而，幼儿的 OPFRs EDI 比成年人高出 30 倍，这表明对人类健康的风险有限。这是韩国首次对家庭灰尘中 OPFRs 的发生和分布进行的全面研究。
