Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435, Main Street, 14214 Buffalo, NY, USA.
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435, Main Street, 14214 Buffalo, NY, USA.
Int Orthod. 2021 Mar;19(1):96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.01.002. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
To evaluate the correlation between craniofacial structures, anthropometric measurements, and bony and soft tissue nasopharyngeal dimensions in African Black adolescents.
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 483 healthy adolescents (250 females and 233 males), randomly selected from one dental clinic. The inclusion criteria were skeletal and dental Class I, Black ethnicity, pubertal growth period as determined by the Greulich and Pyle atlas criteria, and no history of orthodontic treatment. Anthropometric measurements (stature, upper body height, lower body height, and BMI) and radiographic records (hand-wrist radiographs, and lateral cephalograms) were obtained. One investigator traced and analysed all cephalograms to determine three skeletal craniofacial parameters (maxillary length [Ar- ANS], mandibular length [Ar-Gn], and lower anterior facial height [ANS-Me]), and 14 (8 skeletal and 6 soft tissue) nasopharyngeal parameters. Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.
The mean skeletal ages of females and males were 11.31±2.31y and 12.66±1.85y, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that stature, posterior height of nasal cavity (S-PNS), length of nasal floor (AA-PNS), and mean area of bony nasopharynx (Area 1) were significantly correlated with maxillary length, P<.001. Stature, BMI, S-PNS, vertical angle of nasopharynx (Ba-S-PNS), Area 1, adenoid height (AD), and linear hyoid bone measurements (H-AA, H-RGN, H-Ax) were all correlated with mandibular length, P<.05. Lower facial height showed sexual dimorphism and was significantly associated with vertical nasopharyngeal measurements, BMI and upper body height.
Craniofacial structures were significantly associated with stature and upper body height. Maxillary growth was associated with bony nasopharyngeal variables. Mandibular growth and lower facial height were associated with bony and soft tissue nasopharyngeal variables. The sexual dimorphism in lower facial height warrants future studies to fully understand and manage the craniofacial complex and nasopharyngeal airway in African Black adolescents.
评估非洲黑种青少年的颅面结构、人体测量学指标以及骨性和软组织鼻咽部的相关性。
这是一项回顾性的横断面研究，在一家牙科诊所随机抽取了 483 名健康的青少年（250 名女性和 233 名男性）参与。纳入标准为骨性和牙性 I 类，黑种人，根据 Greulich 和 Pyle 图谱标准判断处于青春期生长阶段，且无正畸治疗史。获取了人体测量学指标（身高、上身高度、下身高度和 BMI）和影像学记录（手腕部 X 光片和侧位头颅侧位片）。由一名研究者对所有头颅侧位片进行描记和分析，以确定三个颅面骨骼参数（上颌长度[Ar-ANS]、下颌长度[Ar-Gn]和下前面高[ANS-Me]）和 14 个（8 个骨性和 6 个软组织）鼻咽部参数。进行 Pearson 相关系数和逐步多元线性回归分析。
女性和男性的平均骨骼年龄分别为 11.31±2.31 岁和 12.66±1.85 岁。多元线性回归分析显示，身高、鼻腔后段高度（S-PNS）、鼻底长度（AA-PNS）和骨性鼻咽部平均面积（Area 1）与上颌长度显著相关，P<.001。身高、BMI、S-PNS、鼻咽垂直角度（Ba-S-PNS）、Area 1、腺样体高度（AD）和舌骨的线性测量（H-AA、H-RGN、H-Ax）均与下颌长度相关，P<.05。下面高显示出性别二态性，与垂直鼻咽测量、BMI 和上身高度显著相关。
颅面结构与身高和上身高度显著相关。上颌生长与骨性鼻咽部变量相关。下颌生长和下面高与骨性和软组织鼻咽部变量相关。下面高的性别二态性需要进一步的研究来全面了解和管理非洲黑种青少年的颅面复合体和鼻咽气道。
