Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT, CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT, CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina.
Poult Sci. 2021 Mar;100(3):100950. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.047. Epub 2020 Dec 29.
Test of sociality in poultry is mainly based on the bird's individual ability to make quick social discriminations. In recent years, a density-related permanence (DRP) test has been developed that enables us to classify young birds (while in groups) according to their individual permanence in proximity to either a high or low density of conspecifics (HD or LD, respectively). Thus, the result of the classification depends not only on the bird's individual response but also on the outcome of the social interactions within the whole group. The birds' performance in DRP was associated with underlying differences in social responses of their individuals. Quails in homogeneous groups of LD residents responded with less compact groups and higher levels of agonistic interactions to the presence of an intruder and showed higher levels of agonistic interactions among cage-mates than the homogeneous groups of HD birds. An acute stressor also induced a higher corticosterone response in the LD birds than in their HD counterparts. The present study addressed the question of whether contrasting DRP performance by Japanese quail can also reflect underlying differences in fearfulness and social reinstatement responses. Thus, LD and HD categorized juvenile birds underwent one of the following tests: tonic immobility (TI), open-field (OF), or a one-way runway. Results showed that HD birds required more inductions and developed shorter responses (P ≤ 0.05) in the TI test and walked more, faster, and greater distances in the OF (P ≤ 0.05) than their LD counterparts. No differences between groups were found in short social reinstatement responses. The present findings suggest that underlying fearfulness is lower in the HD than in the LD birds. A reduced fearfulness could be regarded as an additional favorable trait of the HD-classified quail to cope with environmental challenging situations.
家禽的社交性测试主要基于鸟类快速进行社交区分的个体能力。近年来，已经开发出一种与密度相关的持久性（DRP）测试，该测试使我们能够根据个体在接近高密度（HD）或低密度（LD）同种个体时的持久性，对幼鸟（分组时）进行分类。因此，分类的结果不仅取决于鸟类的个体反应，还取决于整个群体内部的社会互动的结果。DRP 中的鸟类表现与个体社会反应的潜在差异有关。在 LD 居民的同质群体中，鹌鹑对入侵者的反应是形成更不紧凑的群体和更高水平的攻击性行为，并且与 HD 鸟类的同质群体相比，鹌鹑在笼中同伴之间表现出更高水平的攻击性行为。急性应激源也会导致 LD 鸟类的皮质酮反应高于其 HD 对应物。本研究探讨了日本鹌鹑通过 DRP 表现出的差异是否也反映了其恐惧和社会再恢复反应的潜在差异。因此，进行了以下测试中的一项：紧张性不动（TI），开放式场（OF）或单向跑道：结果表明，HD 鸟类在 TI 测试中需要更多的诱导，并且反应时间更短（P≤0.05），在 OF 中走得更快，距离更远（P≤0.05），而其 LD 对应物则走得更慢，距离更近。在短时间的社会再恢复反应中，两组之间没有差异。本研究结果表明，HD 鸟类的恐惧程度低于 LD 鸟类。恐惧程度降低可以被视为 HD 分类鹌鹑应对环境挑战情况的另一个有利特征。
