Haukedal Henriette, Freude Kristine K
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Jan 13;14:625348. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.625348. eCollection 2020.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide, and no cure is currently available. The major pathological hallmarks of AD are considered to be amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, generated by respectively APP processing and Tau phosphorylation. Recent evidence imply that glycosylation of these proteins, and a number of other AD-related molecules is altered in AD, suggesting a potential implication of this process in disease pathology. In this review we summarize the understanding of glycans in AD pathogenesis, and discuss how glycobiology can contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of AD, serving as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we look into the potential link between the emerging topic neuroinflammation and glycosylation, combining two interesting, and until recent years, understudied topics in the scope of AD. Lastly, we discuss how new model platforms such as induced pluripotent stem cells can be exploited and contribute to a better understanding of a rather unexplored area in AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆症最常见的病因，影响着全球数百万人，目前尚无治愈方法。AD的主要病理特征被认为是分别由APP加工和Tau磷酸化产生的β淀粉样蛋白斑块和神经原纤维缠结。最近的证据表明，这些蛋白质以及许多其他与AD相关分子的糖基化在AD中发生了改变，这表明该过程可能与疾病病理有关。在本综述中，我们总结了对聚糖在AD发病机制中的理解，并讨论了糖生物学如何有助于AD的早期诊断和治疗，作为潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。此外，我们探讨了新兴话题神经炎症与糖基化之间的潜在联系，将AD范围内两个有趣且直到近年来仍未得到充分研究的话题结合起来。最后，我们讨论了如何利用诱导多能干细胞等新型模型平台，以更好地理解AD中一个尚未充分探索的领域。
