Anapol F
Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612.
J Morphol. 1988 Feb;195(2):141-57. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051950203.
The anatomy of the hyoid apparatus and positional changes of the hyoid bone during mastication and deglutition are described in the New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A testable model is constructed to predict the range of movement during function of the hyoid, a bone entirely suspended by soft tissue. Frame-by-frame analysis of a videofluorographic tape confirms the accuracy of the prediction through observation of hyoid bone excursion during oral behavior. During chewing, translation of the hyoid bone is diminutive and irregular, lacking a clearly discernible path of excursion. However, some movements of the hyoid occur with regularity. During fast opening, anterodorsal movement of the hyoid is interrupted with an abrupt posteroventral depression when the bolus is moved posteriorly toward the cheek teeth by the tongue. This clockwise rotation (when viewed from the right side) of the hyoid accompanies jaw opening and is reversed (posteroventral movement) for the jaw closing sequence. Lateral movements of the hyoid may be slightly coupled to mandibular rotation in the horizontal plane. The findings suggest that the hyoid bone maintains a relatively static position during the dynamics of chewing. The primary function would be to provide a stable base for the movements of the tongue. Another possible function would be to control the position of the larynx within the pharyngeal cavity. Some characteristic features of the rabbit hyoid apparatus may be consequential to relatively erect posture and a saltatory mode of locomotion.
本文描述了新西兰白兔（穴兔）舌骨装置的解剖结构以及咀嚼和吞咽过程中舌骨的位置变化。构建了一个可测试模型，以预测舌骨在功能活动期间的运动范围，舌骨是一块完全由软组织悬吊的骨头。通过对录像荧光造影带的逐帧分析，观察口腔行为期间舌骨的移动情况，证实了该预测的准确性。在咀嚼过程中，舌骨的平移微小且不规则，缺乏明显可辨别的移动路径。然而，舌骨的一些运动具有规律性。在快速开口时，当食团被舌头向后推向颊齿时，舌骨的前背向运动会被突然的后腹向凹陷打断。舌骨的这种顺时针旋转（从右侧观察时）伴随着下颌开口，并且在闭口序列中方向相反（后腹向运动）。舌骨的侧向运动可能与下颌在水平面内的旋转略有耦合。研究结果表明，在咀嚼动态过程中舌骨保持相对静止的位置。其主要功能可能是为舌头的运动提供稳定的基础。另一个可能的功能是控制喉在咽腔内的位置。兔舌骨装置的一些特征可能与相对直立的姿势和跳跃式运动方式有关。
