DeLong Edward F
Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education, University of Hawai'i at Mănoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jan 13;11:616086. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.616086. eCollection 2020.
In 1977, Woese and Fox leveraged molecular phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal RNAs and identified a new microbial domain of life on Earth, the Archaebacteria (now known as Archaea). At the time of their discovery, only one archaebacterial group, the strictly anaerobic methanogens, was known. But soon, other phenotypically unrelated microbial isolates were shown to belong to the Archaea, many originating from extreme habitats, including extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles, and thermoacidophiles. Since most Archaea seemed to inhabit extreme or strictly anoxic habitats, it came as a surprise in 1992 when two new lineages of archaea were reported to be abundant in oxygen rich, temperate marine coastal waters and the deep ocean. Since that time, studies of marine planktonic archaea have revealed many more surprises, including their unexpected ubiquity, unusual symbiotic associations, unpredicted physiologies and biogeochemistry, and global abundance. In this Perspective, early work conducted on marine planktonic Archaea by my lab group and others is discussed in terms of the relevant historical context, some of the original research motivations, and surprises and discoveries encountered along the way.
1977年，沃斯和福克斯利用核糖体RNA的分子系统发育分析，在地球上发现了一个新的微生物生命域——古细菌（现在称为古菌）。在他们发现之时，仅知道一个古细菌类群，即严格厌氧的产甲烷菌。但很快，其他表型上不相关的微生物分离株被证明属于古菌，其中许多源自极端环境，包括极端嗜盐菌、极端嗜热菌和嗜热嗜酸菌。由于大多数古菌似乎栖息于极端或严格缺氧的环境中，所以1992年有报道称在富氧的温带海洋沿海水域和深海中存在两个新的古菌谱系时，人们感到十分惊讶。从那时起，对海洋浮游古菌的研究揭示了更多令人惊讶的发现，包括它们意想不到的无处不在、不寻常的共生关系、无法预测的生理学和生物地球化学以及全球丰度。在这篇观点文章中，将根据相关的历史背景、一些最初的研究动机以及在此过程中遇到的惊喜和发现，来讨论我的实验室团队和其他团队早期对海洋浮游古菌所开展的工作。
