Goenka Vidul, Borkar Tanhai, Desai Aska, Das Raunak Kumar
School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India.
Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020 Oct 17;19(2):1979-1993. doi: 10.1007/s40200-020-00647-5. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Diabetes mellitus is a common lifestyle disease which can be classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While both result in hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin action and further associated chronic ailments, there is a marked distinction in the cause for each type due to which both require a different prophylaxis. As observed, type 1 diabetes is caused due to the autoimmune action of the body resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islet cells. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is caused either due to insulin resistance of target cells or lack of insulin production as per physiological requirements. Attempts to cure the disease have been made by bringing drastic changes in the patients' lifestyle; parenteral administration of insulin; prescription of drugs such as biguanides, meglitinides, and amylin; pancreatic transplantation; and immunotherapy. While these attempts cause a certain degree of relief to the patient, none of these can cure diabetes mellitus. However, a new treatment strategy led by the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells and their unique immunomodulatory and multipotent properties has inspired therapies to treat diabetes by essentially reversing the conditions causing the disease. The current review aims to enumerate the role of various mesenchymal stem cells and the different approaches to treat both types of diabetes and its associated diseases as well.
糖尿病是一种常见的生活方式疾病，可分为1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。虽然两者都因胰岛素作用缺乏以及进一步相关的慢性疾病而导致高血糖，但每种类型的病因有明显区别，因此两者需要不同的预防措施。如所观察到的，1型糖尿病是由于身体的自身免疫作用导致胰岛细胞被破坏而引起的。另一方面，2型糖尿病要么是由于靶细胞的胰岛素抵抗，要么是由于生理需求胰岛素分泌不足引起的。人们试图通过大幅改变患者生活方式、胃肠外注射胰岛素、开双胍类、格列奈类和胰淀素等药物、胰腺移植以及免疫疗法来治愈这种疾病。虽然这些尝试能给患者带来一定程度的缓解，但这些方法都无法治愈糖尿病。然而，由间充质干细胞的发现及其独特的免疫调节和多能特性引领的一种新的治疗策略激发了通过从根本上逆转导致该疾病的状况来治疗糖尿病的疗法。本综述旨在列举各种间充质干细胞的作用以及治疗两种类型糖尿病及其相关疾病的不同方法。
