Tachi Kenneth, Tetteh John, Yawson Alfred Edwin, Agyei-Nkansah Adwoa, Archampong Timothy
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Greater Accra, Ghana.
Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Greater Accra, Ghana.
BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2020 Sep 21;3(2):220-228. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000102. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Alcohol consumption and inadequate fruits and vegetable (FnV) intake are major reasons for the shift from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the years. The older Ghanaian adult is at high risk of NCD and data on alcohol and FnV consumption are required to guide policy to mitigate its effect. This analysis aimed to determine the factors associated with alcohol consumption and assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and FnV intake among Ghanaians aged 50 years and older.
This analysis used WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 2, Ghana data set conducted between 2014 and 2015. Data on demographic characteristics, FnV intake, and alcohol consumption were collated and analysed. Multivariable Poisson, logistic and probit regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between alcohol consumption and inadequate FnV intake.
A total of 3533 Ghanaians aged 50 years and older, 41.0% men and 59.0% women, were included in this study. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption was 22.8% (95% CI 20.7% to 25.1%). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with sex, age group, marital status, religion, place of residence and history of smoking. The prevalence of adequate FnV intake was 52.6% with a mean daily intake of 6.45 servings: 2.98 for fruits and 3.47 for vegetables. There was a significant positive correlation between inadequate FnV intake and alcohol consumption. Inadequate FnV consumption was significantly higher among lifetime alcohol consumers compared with non-alcohol consumers. (Poisson estimate; adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) (95% CI)=1.35 (1.12 to 1.63), logistic estimate; adjusted Old Ratio (aOR) (95% CI)=1.13 (1.05 to 1.21) and probit estimate; adjusted normalized coefficient (aβ) (95% CI)=0.19 (0.07 to 0.31)).
About a quarter and nearly half of older Ghanaian adults consume alcohol and inadequate FnV, respectively. Alcohol consumption is significantly associated with inadequate FnV intake. Interventions to address inadequate FnV intake among older adults in Ghana should also include policies that regulate the use of alcohol in this population.
多年来，饮酒以及水果和蔬菜（FnV）摄入不足是导致疾病从传染病向非传染病转变的主要原因。加纳老年成年人面临非传染病的高风险，需要有关酒精和FnV消费的数据来指导政策以减轻其影响。本分析旨在确定与饮酒相关的因素，并评估50岁及以上加纳人饮酒与FnV摄入之间的关系。
本分析使用了世界卫生组织全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE）第2轮加纳数据集，该数据集于2014年至2015年收集。整理并分析了人口统计学特征、FnV摄入和饮酒的数据。进行了多变量泊松、逻辑和概率回归分析，以评估饮酒与FnV摄入不足之间的关联。
本研究共纳入3533名50岁及以上的加纳人，其中男性占41.0%，女性占59.0%。终生饮酒患病率为22.8%（95%可信区间20.7%至25.1%）。饮酒与性别、年龄组、婚姻状况、宗教、居住地点和吸烟史显著相关。FnV摄入充足的患病率为52.6%，平均每日摄入量为6.45份：水果2.98份，蔬菜3.47份。FnV摄入不足与饮酒之间存在显著正相关。与非饮酒者相比终生饮酒者中FnV消费不足显著更高。（泊松估计；调整患病率比（aPR）（95%可信区间）=1.35（1.12至1.63），逻辑估计；调整比值比（aOR）（95%可信区间）=1.13（1.05至1.21），概率估计；调整标准化系数（aβ）（95%可信区间）=0.19（0.07至0.31））。
约四分之一和近一半的加纳老年成年人分别饮酒和FnV摄入不足。饮酒与FnV摄入不足显著相关。解决加纳老年成年人FnV摄入不足的干预措施还应包括规范该人群饮酒的政策。
