Therapeutic effect of Jianpi Liqi Fang combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and spleen deficiency syndrome.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the therapeutic effect of the Jianpi Liqi Fang ( ，JPLQF) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) and identify a potential indicator of efficacy.

METHODS

Ninety-nine patients with HCC who were diagnosed with SDS, non-spleen deficiency syndrome (NSDS), or no syndrome (NS) were treated with JPLQF combined with TACE for three periods. Therapeutic efficacy was compared among the groups. Plasma proteins were screened using label-free discovery analysis and verified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to evaluate therapeutic indicators.

RESULTS

After treatment, the Karnofsky Performance Status was significantly improved in the SDS group and significantly better than that in the NS group. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores were lower in the SDS group after treatment and lower than those in the NSDS group. However, alanine aminotransferase, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels and white blood cell and platelet counts did not differ among the groups. Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels in the SDS group were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment, and total bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the SDS group than in the NSDS group. Label-free analysis identified 24 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the SDS and NS groups, including 17 and 7 upregulated and downregulated proteins, respectively. Fibulin-5 (FBLN5) displayed the largest difference in expression between the groups. ELISA confirmed that FBLN5 levels were significantly lower in the NSDS and NS groups than in the SDS group. Following treatment with JPLQF and TACE, FBLN5 expression was upregulated only in the SDS group. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis indicated that FBLN5 may serve as a potential indicator of the efficacy of JPLQF combined with TACE in patients with HCC and SDS.

CONCLUSION

JPLQF combined with TACE improved quality of life, clinical TCM symptoms, and liver function in patients with HCC and SDS. FBLN5 expression was significantly altered by treatment with JPLQF and TACE in patients with HCC and SDS.