College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, 508 Huancheng West Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province 312000, China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021 Mar 8;7(3):963-982. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01710. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
The rapid rise in research interest in carbohydrate-based polymers is undoubtedly due to the nontoxic nature of such materials in an in vivo environment and the versatile roles that the polymers can play in cellular functions. Such polymers have served as therapeutic tools for drug delivery, including antigens, proteins, and genes, as well as diagnostic devices. Our focus in the first half of this Review is on synthetic methods based on ring-opening polymerization and enzyme-catalyzed polymerization, along with controlled radical polymerization. In the second half of this Review, sugar-based polymers are discussed on the basis of their remarkable success in competitive receptor binding, as multifunctional nanocarriers of targeting inhibitors for cancer treatment, in genome-editing delivery, in immunotherapy based on endogenous antibody recruitment, and in treatment of respiratory diseases, including influenza A. Particular emphasis is put on the synthesis and biopharmaceutical applications of sugar-based polymers published in the most recent 5 years. A noticeable attribute of carbohydrate-based polymers is that the sugar-receptor interactions can be facilitated by the cooperative effect of multiple sugar units. Their diversified topology and structures will drive the development of new synthetic strategies and bring about important applications, including coronavirus-related drug therapy.
碳水化合物聚合物的研究兴趣迅速增加，这无疑是由于这些材料在体内环境中无毒，并且聚合物在细胞功能中可以发挥多种作用。这些聚合物已被用作药物递送的治疗工具，包括抗原、蛋白质和基因，以及诊断设备。在这篇综述的前半部分，我们重点介绍基于开环聚合和酶催化聚合以及可控自由基聚合的合成方法。在这篇综述的后半部分，根据糖基聚合物在竞争性受体结合方面的显著成功，讨论了糖基聚合物，它们是癌症治疗靶向抑制剂的多功能纳米载体，在基因组编辑递送、基于内源性抗体募集的免疫治疗以及治疗呼吸道疾病（包括甲型流感）方面的应用。特别强调了最近 5 年发表的基于糖的聚合物的合成和生物制药应用。碳水化合物聚合物的一个显著特点是，多个糖单元的协同作用可以促进糖-受体相互作用。它们多样化的拓扑结构和结构将推动新的合成策略的发展，并带来重要的应用，包括与冠状病毒相关的药物治疗。
