Masalimov Ilgam, Fayzrakhmanov Shamil, Yanbaev Yulai, Tagirova Albina, Kiyamov Zagir
Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University," 50-letia Octyabrya str., 34, Ufa, 450001, Russia.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State University," Zaki Validi str., 32, Ufa, 450076, Russia.
Math Biosci Eng. 2020 Dec 8;18(1):445-455. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2021024.
Stricter requirements to environmental compatibility and smaller energy-output ratio highlight the importance of implementing the super high-frequency drying of the crop seeds. The study is aimed at the development of drying optimal parameters and modes of sunflower ( L.) seeds in a settled small-size conveyor microwave unit. In-gel activity of 6 functionally key enzymes (formate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, diaphorase, leucine aminopeptidase and non-specific esterases) in polyacrylamide gels after disk electrophoresis was analyzed in order to count on an additional assessment of the temperature influence caused by electromagnetic radiation of the tested drying unit on the sunflower achenes metabolism. The correlation analysis showed the existence of the statistically significant (р < 0.05) negative dependence between the seed materials heating temperature with germination energy (correlation coefficient -0.783) and achenes germination (-0.797). These two parameters (without processing 88 and 96%, respectively) began to reduce sharply when reaching the heating temperatures of 55℃ and more. Enzymes de-activation also started within this range. Considering the collected data about drying of the seed material, the optimal heating conditions were within 26-27 minutes at 800 W and heating temperature 38-40° С. With these parameters the quality of the processed seeds was preserved, and the costs for drying were relatively low (2.61 MJ per 1 kg of the water removed).
对环境兼容性的更严格要求和更小的能量输出比凸显了实施作物种子超高频干燥的重要性。本研究旨在开发一种小型固定传送带式微波装置中向日葵种子的干燥最佳参数和模式。通过圆盘电泳分析聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中6种功能关键酶（甲酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、黄递酶、亮氨酸氨肽酶和非特异性酯酶）的凝胶内活性，以便对测试干燥装置的电磁辐射对向日葵瘦果代谢所造成的温度影响进行额外评估。相关性分析表明，种子材料加热温度与发芽能量（相关系数为 -0.783）以及瘦果发芽率（-0.797）之间存在统计学显著（р < 0.05）的负相关。当加热温度达到55℃及以上时，这两个参数（未经处理时分别为88%和96%）开始急剧下降。酶失活也在这个温度范围内开始。考虑到收集到的关于种子材料干燥的数据，最佳加热条件是在800瓦功率和38 - 40℃加热温度下持续26 - 27分钟。采用这些参数时，加工后种子的质量得以保持，且干燥成本相对较低（每去除1千克水分2.61兆焦）。
