Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Cells. 2021 Jan 28;10(2):255. doi: 10.3390/cells10020255.
Lithium salts have been in the therapeutic toolbox for better or worse since the 19th century, with purported benefit in gout, hangover, insomnia, and early suggestions that lithium improved psychiatric disorders. However, the remarkable effects of lithium reported by John Cade and subsequently by Mogens Schou revolutionized the treatment of bipolar disorder. The known molecular targets of lithium are surprisingly few and include the signaling kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a group of structurally related phosphomonoesterases that includes inositol monophosphatases, and phosphoglucomutase. Here we present a brief history of the therapeutic uses of lithium and then focus on GSK-3 as a therapeutic target in diverse diseases, including bipolar disorder, cancer, and coronavirus infections.
锂盐自 19 世纪以来一直是治疗工具，无论是好是坏，据称对痛风、宿醉、失眠有好处，并且早期有研究表明锂可以改善精神疾病。然而，John Cade 和随后 Mogens Schou 的研究报告了锂的显著效果，这彻底改变了双相情感障碍的治疗方法。锂的已知分子靶点出奇地少，包括信号激酶糖原合酶激酶-3（GSK-3）、一组结构相关的磷酸单酯酶，包括肌醇单磷酸酶和磷酸葡萄糖变位酶。在这里，我们简要介绍了锂的治疗用途历史，然后重点介绍 GSK-3 作为包括双相情感障碍、癌症和冠状病毒感染在内的多种疾病的治疗靶点。
