Wilson R Alan, Li Xiao Hong, Castro-Borges William
Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO26 6JB, U.K.
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2017 Dec 22;1(6):641-650. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20170094.
Human schistosomiasis caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma remains an important public health problem in spite of concerted efforts at control. An effective vaccine would be a useful addition to control strategies that currently rely on chemotherapy, but such a product is not imminent. In this review, likely causes for the lack of progress are first considered. These include the strategies used by worms to evade the immune response, concepts that have misdirected the field, an emphasis on internal antigens, and the use of the laboratory mouse for vaccine testing. On a positive note, recent investigations on self-cure by the rhesus macaque offer the most promising context for vaccine development. The identification of proteins at the parasite-host interface, especially those of the esophageal glands involved in blood processing, has provided an entirely new category of vaccine candidates that merit evaluation.
尽管在血吸虫病控制方面做出了协同努力，但由血吸虫属寄生扁虫引起的人类血吸虫病仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。有效的疫苗将是对目前依赖化疗的控制策略的有益补充，但此类产品尚非指日可待。在本综述中，首先考虑了缺乏进展的可能原因。这些原因包括蠕虫用于逃避免疫反应的策略、误导该领域的概念、对内部抗原的重视以及使用实验室小鼠进行疫苗测试。从积极的方面来看，最近对恒河猴自愈的研究为疫苗开发提供了最有前景的背景。在寄生虫-宿主界面鉴定出的蛋白质，尤其是参与血液处理的食管腺蛋白，提供了一类全新的值得评估的疫苗候选物。
