Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland.
J Biosoc Sci. 2022 Mar;54(2):333-346. doi: 10.1017/S0021932021000018. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
In the light of changes in the living conditions of populations, excess adiposity is currently a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the body fat ratio among preschool children aged 3-7 years from Kraków, Poland, between 2008 and 2018. The study group consisted of children examined in two cross-sectional studies. Analysed characteristics included triceps, calf, subscapular, abdominal and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and adiposity calculated according to Slaughter's equations. The trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were also calculated. Statistical significance was obtained using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Lower-limb adiposity was largest in the 2008 cohort and trunk adiposity was greater in the 2018 cohort. The mean values of the trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were lower in the 2018 cohort than in the 2008 cohort. The 2018 cohort was also characterized by a lower overall adiposity. Regardless of the lower body adiposity percentage, in 2018 there was a tendency towards the central allocation of fat tissue. This is a negative phenomenon because, especially when co-existing with reduced lower-limb adiposity, it is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, even in young children.
鉴于人口生活条件的变化，超重目前是全球范围内一个严重的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估波兰克拉科夫市 3-7 岁学龄前儿童的体脂率在 2008 年至 2018 年间的变化。研究组由两项横断面研究中检查的儿童组成。分析的特征包括三头肌、小腿、肩胛下、腹部和髂嵴皮褶厚度，以及根据斯劳特方程计算的肥胖程度。还计算了躯干肥胖指数和四肢与躯干脂肪比。使用双向方差分析和图基检验获得统计学意义。2008 年队列的下肢肥胖程度最大，2018 年队列的躯干肥胖程度更大。2018 年队列的躯干肥胖指数和四肢与躯干脂肪比的平均值均低于 2008 年队列。2018 年队列的总体肥胖程度也较低。无论体脂百分比较低，2018 年脂肪组织有向中心分布的趋势。这是一个负面现象，因为尤其是当与下肢脂肪减少同时存在时，它与代谢和心血管疾病的风险增加有关，即使在幼儿中也是如此。
