Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland.
Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
J Biosoc Sci. 2023 Jul;55(4):627-634. doi: 10.1017/S0021932022000128. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
Parental and pregnancy characteristics can affect proportions and tissue composition of the child's bodyand thereforecan influence their present and future health, as well as overall wellbeing. The aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected parental and birth-related parameters among preschool (3-7 years of age) children of varying adiposity status (n=541 girls and n=571 boys).The research was carried out in 20 randomly selected kindergartens in Krakow (Poland). Thickness of 6 skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf) was measured. Sum of skinfolds was calculated and participants were divided into low, normal or high body fat groups. Birth-related characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by the children's parents. Children of mothers who gained the most gestational weight were characterised by high adiposity. Preschoolers with the highest birth weight, body length and head circumference had the greatest adiposity. Children of relatively younger mothers had higher body fat, in comparison to the rest of the study group. Parents of preschoolers in the high adiposity category were characterised by a greater body mass, compared to the parents of children in other body fat groups and that boys with the highest adiposity relatively more often had a close relative with obesity. Children in varying adiposity categories differed in terms of some birth-related factors. Particular attention should be paid to familial and parental characteristics, because they may influence the child's predisposition to excess adiposity deposition later in life.
父母和妊娠特征会影响儿童身体的比例和组织构成，从而影响他们现在和未来的健康以及整体幸福感。本研究的目的是检查不同肥胖程度（n=541 名女孩和 n=571 名男孩）学龄前儿童（3-7 岁）的选择父母和出生相关参数之间的差异。研究在克拉科夫（波兰）的 20 所随机幼儿园进行。测量了 6 个皮褶（肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂嵴上、腹部和小腿）的厚度。计算了皮褶厚度的总和，并将参与者分为低、正常或高体脂组。出生相关特征通过儿童父母填写的问卷获得。母亲体重增加最多的孩子肥胖程度较高。出生体重、身高和头围最高的学龄前儿童肥胖程度最高。与研究组的其他成员相比，相对较年轻的母亲的孩子体脂更高。与其他体脂组的孩子相比，高体脂组的学龄前儿童的父母体重大，且该组中男孩的肥胖亲属相对更多。不同体脂组的儿童在一些出生相关因素上存在差异。应特别注意家庭和父母特征，因为它们可能会影响孩子以后过度脂肪堆积的倾向。
