Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Bordeaux, France.
Physiol Rep. 2021 Feb;9(3):e14736. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14736.
This article aims to review studies that have investigated the role of neurons that use the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in controlling the operation of locomotor neural networks within the spinal cord. This cholinergic system has the particularity of being completely intraspinal. We describe the different effects exerted by spinal cholinergic neurons on locomotor circuitry by the pharmacological activation or blockade of this propriospinal system, as well as describing its different cellular and subcellular targets. Through the activation of one ionotropic receptor, the nicotinic receptor, and five metabotropic receptors, the M1 to M5 muscarinic receptors, the cholinergic system exerts a powerful control both on synaptic transmission and locomotor network neuron excitability. Although tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the spinal cholinergic system's involvement in the physiology and pathophysiology of locomotor networks, gaps still remain, including the precise role of the different subtypes of cholinergic neurons as well as their pre- and postsynaptic partners. Improving our knowledge of the propriospinal cholinergic system is of major relevance to finding new cellular targets and therapeutics in countering the debilitating effects of neurodegenerative diseases and restoring motor functions after spinal cord injury.
本文旨在回顾研究乙酰胆碱（ACh）递质使用神经元在控制脊髓内运动神经网络运作中的作用的研究。该胆碱能系统具有完全位于脊髓内的特殊性。我们通过药理学激活或阻断该脊髓固有系统来描述脊髓胆碱能神经元对运动回路的不同影响，并描述其不同的细胞和亚细胞靶点。通过激活一种离子型受体，即烟碱受体，以及五种代谢型受体，即 M1 至 M5 毒蕈碱受体，胆碱能系统对突触传递和运动网络神经元兴奋性都产生强大的控制作用。尽管我们在理解脊髓胆碱能系统在运动网络的生理学和病理生理学中的作用方面取得了巨大进展，但仍存在差距，包括不同亚型的胆碱能神经元以及它们的突触前和突触后伙伴的确切作用。提高对固有脊髓胆碱能系统的认识对于寻找新的细胞靶点和治疗方法以对抗神经退行性疾病的衰弱影响以及在脊髓损伤后恢复运动功能具有重要意义。
