Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia.
Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St. Rt. 44, P.O. Box 95, Rootstown, OH P.O. Box 95, USA.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2021 Sep;99(9):827-838. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0581. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), regulatory molecules that repress protein expression, have attracted considerable attention in CVD research. The vasculature plays a big role in CVD development and progression and dysregulation of vascular cells underlies the root of many vascular diseases. This review provides a brief introduction of the biogenesis of miRNAs and exosomes, followed by overview of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) intracellular signaling during phenotypic switching, senescence, calcification, and neointimal hyperplasia. Evidence of extracellular signaling of VSMCs and other cells via exosomal and circulating miRNAs is also presented. Lastly, current drawbacks and limitations of miRNA studies in CVD research and potential ways to overcome these disadvantages are discussed in detail. In-depth understanding of VSMC regulation via miRNAs will add substantial knowledge and advance research in diagnosis, disease progression, and (or) miRNA-derived therapeutic approaches in CVD research.
心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球主要的死亡原因之一。microRNAs (miRNAs) 是一种调节蛋白质表达的分子，在 CVD 研究中受到了广泛关注。血管在 CVD 的发展和进展中起着重要作用，血管细胞的失调是许多血管疾病的根源。本综述简要介绍了 miRNAs 和外泌体的生物发生，然后概述了 miRNAs 在血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMCs) 中的调节机制，包括表型转换、衰老、钙化和新生内膜增生过程中的细胞内信号转导。还介绍了通过外泌体和循环 miRNAs 进行 VSMCs 和其他细胞的细胞外信号传递的证据。最后，详细讨论了 miRNA 在 CVD 研究中的当前缺点和局限性，以及克服这些缺点的潜在方法。深入了解通过 miRNAs 对 VSMC 的调节将为 CVD 研究中的诊断、疾病进展和 (或) miRNA 衍生的治疗方法提供更多的知识和研究进展。
