Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States.
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States.
Theriogenology. 2021 Apr 1;164:12-21. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.01.013. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
We hypothesized that feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) from -4 through +7 wk (calving = Day 0) facilitates early first postpartum ovulation and alters blood and follicular fluid concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), free fatty acids (FFA), and steroid hormones favorable to subsequent fertility. Holstein cows were fed individually a SCFP product (n = 24) or served as controls (n = 23). Blood samples were collected at wk -4 and -2 from expected calving and at 1, 2, 5, and 7 wk postpartum to determine plasma concentrations of FFA and BHB. Early spontaneous ovulation (progesterone > 1 ng/mL or corpus luteum presence by postpartum median Day 33) or late ovulation was determined. Plasma FFA in weekly samples was not affected by SCFP supplementation, but FFA was greater (P < 0.01; week by ovulation status) in late compared with early ovulating cows during and after postpartum wk 2. Plasma BHB in weekly samples was greater (P = 0.03) in SCFP than control cows and tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in late than early ovulating cows. Cows were exposed to ovulation synchronization (GnRH, PGF, and GnRH on Days 33, 40, and 43 ± 3, respectively). Transvaginal dominant follicle aspiration was conducted at Day 50, 7 d after GnRH on Day 43. Metabolites (FFA, BHB, and glucose) and steroid hormones (progesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol) measured in follicular fluid and blood samples collected at aspiration revealed that androstenedione in serum was numerically less (P = 0.11) in SCFP-treated compared with control cows, whereas androstenedione in serum was less (P < 0.05) in late than early ovulating cows. Concentrations of BHB (r = 0.75) and glucose (r = 0.52) in follicular fluid were positively correlated (P < 0.01) with those in blood. Body weight at calving and Day 42 was less (P ≤ 0.05), and energy balance through Days 28 and 42 was more positive (P < 0.05) in early than late ovulating cows and in SCFP-supplemented compared with control cows (P < 0.05). Dry matter intake, daily milk yield, and yields of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids were less (P < 0.01) in early compared with late ovulating cows, whereas milk fat percentage was increased (P < 0.01) by SCFP supplementation. We conclude that elevated postpartum BHB and FFA in plasma, greater negative energy balance, and greater milk yield and components were associated with later postpartum ovulation, but metabolites and steroid hormones in blood and follicular fluid were unaffected by SCFP treatment or ovulation status except for androstenedione.
我们假设在产后第-4 周到+7 周（分娩=第 0 天）时喂养酿酒酵母发酵产物（SCFP）有助于早期产后第一次排卵，并改变血液和卵泡液中葡萄糖、β-羟丁酸（BHB）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）和类固醇激素的浓度，有利于随后的生育能力。荷斯坦奶牛分别喂食 SCFP 产品（n=24）或作为对照（n=23）。从预期分娩的第-4 周和第-2 周开始采集血液样本，并在产后第 1、2、5 和 7 周进行采样，以确定 FFA 和 BHB 的血浆浓度。确定早期自发排卵（孕酮>1ng/mL 或产后第 33 天出现黄体）或晚期排卵。每周的血浆 FFA 不受 SCFP 补充的影响，但在产后第 2 周和之后，晚期排卵的奶牛的 FFA 高于早期排卵的奶牛（P<0.01；每周排卵状态）。每周的血浆 BHB 在 SCFP 组高于对照组奶牛（P=0.03），并且在晚期排卵的奶牛中，BHB 倾向于高于早期排卵的奶牛（P=0.06）。奶牛接受排卵同步化（GnRH、PGF 和 GnRH，分别在第 33、40 和 43±3 天）。在第 43 天 GnRH 后的第 7 天（即第 50 天）进行阴道超声下的主导卵泡抽吸。在抽吸时收集卵泡液和血液样本，测量代谢物（FFA、BHB 和葡萄糖）和类固醇激素（孕酮、雄烯二酮和雌二醇），结果表明，与对照组奶牛相比，SCFP 处理的奶牛血清中的雄烯二酮数值较低（P=0.11），而晚期排卵的奶牛血清中的雄烯二酮较低（P<0.05）。卵泡液中的 BHB（r=0.75）和葡萄糖（r=0.52）浓度与血液中的浓度呈正相关（P<0.01）。与晚期排卵的奶牛和 SCFP 补充组相比，奶牛的产犊时体重和第 42 天体重较低（P≤0.05），产后第 28 天和第 42 天的能量平衡更为正值（P<0.05）（P<0.05）。与晚期排卵的奶牛相比，早期排卵的奶牛的干物质摄入量、每日产奶量以及脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖和总固体的产量较低（P<0.01），而牛奶脂肪百分比较高（P<0.01）SCFP 补充。我们得出的结论是，产后血液中 BHB 和 FFA 升高、更大的负能量平衡以及更多的产奶量和成分与产后后期排卵有关，但血液和卵泡液中的代谢物和类固醇激素不受 SCFP 处理或排卵状态的影响，除了雄烯二酮。
