Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201.
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201.
J Dairy Sci. 2020 Oct;103(10):9573-9586. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18636. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
Our objective was to determine the association of health status during the first 60 d in milk (DIM) and first postpartum ovulation risk, physical activities recorded by an activity monitor, and metabolic and milk measures in Holstein cows. Late-gestation heifers and close-up dry cows in 1 herd fitted with CowManager SensOors (Agis, Harmelen, the Netherlands) were enrolled in the study 3 wk before expected parturition to assess ear skin temperature and daily rumination, eating, inactivity, and activity times. Blood samples were collected at calving (d 0), and on d 3, 7, and 14 to assess concentrations of free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), calcium, glucose, and haptoglobin. In addition, weekly measures were conducted for body condition, body weight, and progesterone through 63 ± 3 DIM when ovulation was synchronized (GnRH-1 - 7 d - PGF - 24 h - PGF - 32 h - GnRH-2 - 16 h - artificial insemination). Disease diagnosed in 68 of 160 cows (42.5%) was distributed equally between primiparous (48.5%) and multiparous (51.5%) cows. Cows were classified as diseased when any case of metritis, digestive disorders, ketosis, hypocalcemia, calving problems, mastitis, or lameness occurred during the first 60 DIM. Odds of early ovulation by median postpartum d 33 was 1.92 times greater in healthy than diseased cows. Incidence of individual diseases included metritis (18.8%), digestive disorders (17.5%), ketosis (BHB >10 mg/dL; 11.9%), hypocalcemia (Ca <2.2 mmol/L; 10.6%), calving problems (6.3%), mastitis (3.1%), and lameness (3.1%). Odds of early ovulation were 2.48, 2.65, and 5.72 times greater in healthy cows compared with cows diagnosed with metritis, digestive disorders, or ketosis, respectively. Diseased compared with healthy cows had greater concentrations of free fatty acids, BHB, haptoglobin, greater rectal temperature, and lesser concentration of serum calcium on d 0, 3, 7, and 14 than healthy cows. Plasma glucose was not affected by health status, but was lesser in concentration on d 3, 7, and 14 compared with day of calving. Weekly (calving through 9 wk) body condition scores tended to be and weekly body weights were greater in healthy compared with diseased cows. Activity measures differed by health status during prepartum (d -14 through -1) and postpartum (d 0 through 20) periods except for eating time. Healthy cows spent less time being inactive during both periods compared with diseased cows and had greater postpartum rumination times than diseased cows. Mean daily milk yield during the first 14 wk in milk was greater in healthy than diseased cows by 2.1 ± 0.8 kg. We conclude that disease negatively affects early postpartum ovulation risk and is associated with measurable changes in periparturient physical activity and postpartum metabolic profiles.
我们的目标是确定牛在产犊后第 60 天（DIM）的健康状况以及产后首次排卵风险之间的关联，使用活动监测器记录的身体活动，以及荷斯坦奶牛的代谢和牛奶指标。在一个牛群中，在预计分娩前 3 周，将处于晚期妊娠的小母牛和接近干奶期的奶牛纳入研究，以评估耳皮温和每天的反刍、进食、不活动和活动时间。在产犊时（第 0 天）采集血液样本，并在第 3、7 和 14 天采集样本，以评估游离脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸（BHB）、钙、葡萄糖和触珠蛋白的浓度。此外，在同步排卵时（GnRH-1-7 天-PGF-24 小时-PGF-32 小时-GnRH-2-16 小时-人工授精）通过 63±3DIM 每周进行身体状况、体重和孕酮测量。在 160 头奶牛中有 68 头（42.5%）被诊断患有疾病，其中初产奶牛（48.5%）和经产奶牛（51.5%）的分布情况相同。如果在第 1 个 DIM 期间出现任何子宫炎、消化紊乱、酮病、低钙血症、产犊问题、乳腺炎或跛行病例，则将奶牛分类为患病。在健康奶牛中，产后第 33 天的早期排卵几率比患病奶牛高 1.92 倍。包括子宫炎（18.8%）、消化紊乱（17.5%）、酮病（BHB＞10mg/dL；11.9%）、低钙血症（Ca＜2.2mmol/L；10.6%）、产犊问题（6.3%）、乳腺炎（3.1%）和跛行（3.1%）在内的各种疾病的发病率。与健康奶牛相比，患有子宫炎、消化紊乱或酮病的奶牛早期排卵的几率分别增加了 2.48、2.65 和 5.72 倍。与健康奶牛相比，患病奶牛在第 0、3、7 和 14 天的游离脂肪酸、BHB、触珠蛋白浓度更高，直肠温度更高，血清钙浓度更低。血糖不受健康状况的影响，但与产犊日相比，在第 3、7 和 14 天的浓度更低。与患病奶牛相比，健康奶牛的每周（从产犊到第 9 周）体况评分趋于增加，每周体重也更高。健康奶牛在围产期（-14 天至-1 天）和产后（0 天至 20 天）期间的活动测量值根据健康状况而有所不同，但除了进食时间外。与患病奶牛相比，健康奶牛在这两个时期的不活动时间都较少，并且在产后的反刍时间比患病奶牛更长。在第 14 周泌乳期内，健康奶牛的平均日产奶量比患病奶牛高 2.1±0.8kg。我们得出结论，疾病会对产后早期排卵风险产生负面影响，并且与围产期身体活动和产后代谢特征的可测量变化有关。
